HER-2 Expression in Brain Metastases from Colorectal Cancer and Corresponding Primary Tumors: A Case Cohort Series.

Brain metastases (BM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are a rare but increasing event. Surgical resection of oligometastatic disease, including BM, may produce a survival benefit in selected patients. Previous studies described the HER-2 expression patterns in CRC patients, but its prognostic role still remains controversial.

Revision of the genus Stichelia Zikán (Riodinidae: Riodininae: Symmachiini), with the description of a new species from southern Brazil.

A new species from southern Brazil, Stichelia catarinensis sp. nov., is described and lectotypes for Charis dukinfieldia Schaus, 1902 and Phaenochitonia bocchoris suavis Stichel, 1911 are designated.

Stegosatyrus, a new genus of Euptychiina from the grasslands of neotropical realm (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae).

Three species of Pampasatyrus Hayward, 1953 (Satyrinae, Pronophilina) are transferred to Stegosatyrus n. gen. (Euptychiina) based on morphological evidence: S.

New species of Mesenopsis Godman & Salvin, 1886 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from southeastern Brazil, with an illustrated key to the genus.

A new species, Mesenopsis jordana sp. nov., from southeastern Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo is described and a taxonomic dichotomous key for species of the genus Mesenopsis is provided.

Investigating hemispheric lateralization of reflexive attention to gaze and arrow cues.

Recent studies have demonstrated that central cues, such as eyes and arrows, reflexively trigger attentional shifts. However, it is not clear whether the attentional mechanisms induced by these two cues are similar or rather differ in some important way. We investigated hemispheric lateralization of the orienting effects induced by the two cue types in a group of 48 healthy participants comparing arrows and eye gaze as central non-predictive cues in a discrimination task, in which a target stimulus was briefly presented in one of two peripheral positions (left or right of fixation).

Biology and external morphology of immature stages of the butterfly, Diaethria candrena candrena.

The biology and the external morphology of immature stages of Diaethria candrena candrena (Godart) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae) are described. Immature D. c.

Immature stages of the Neotropical butterfly, Dynamine agacles agacles.

The external morphology of the immature stages of Dynamine agacles agacles (Dalman, 1823) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae) is described, including photos, drawings, and scanning electron micrographs. Data on the adult and larval behavior are given based on observations in the host plant Dalechampia triphylla Lam. (Malpighiales : Euphorbiaceae).

Inhibition of return in response to eye gaze and peripheral cues in young people with Asperger's syndrome.

Inhibition of return (IOR) reflects slower reaction times to stimuli presented in previously attended locations. In this study, we examined this inhibitory after-effect using two different cue types, eye-gaze and standard peripheral cues, in individuals with Asperger's syndrome and typically developing individuals. Typically developing participants showed evidence of IOR for both eye-gaze and peripheral cues.

Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity of new heteroaryl derivatives of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline.

With the aim to investigate the effect of different heterocyclic rings linked to the 4-aminoquinoline nucleus on the antimalarial activity, a set of 7-chloro-N-(heteroaryl)-methyl-4-aminoquinoline and 7-chloro-N-(heteroaryl)-4-aminoquinoline was synthesized and tested in vitro against D-10 (CQ-S) and W-2 (CQ-R) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. All compounds exhibited from moderate to high antiplasmodial activities. The activity was strongly influenced both by the presence of a methylenic group, as a spacer between the 4-aminoquinoline and the heterocyclic ring, and by the presence of a basic head.

Synthesis and comparison of antiplasmodial activity of (+), (-) and racemic 7-chloro-4-(N-lupinyl)aminoquinoline.

Recently the N-(-)-lupinyl-derivative of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline ((-)-AM-1; 7-chloro-4-{N-[(1S,9aR)(octahydro-2H-quinolizin-1-yl)methyl]amino}quinoline) showed potent in vitro and in vivo activity against both Chloroquine susceptible and resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. However, (-)-AM-1 is synthesized starting from (-)-lupinine, an expensive alkaloid isolated from Lupinus luteus whose worldwide production is not sufficient, at present, for large market purposes. To overcome this issue, the corresponding racemic compound, derived from synthetic (±)-lupinine was considered a cheaper alternative for the development of a novel antimalarial agent.

Inhibition of return: a "depth-blind" mechanism?

When attention is oriented to a peripheral visual event, observers respond faster to stimuli presented at a cued location than at an uncued location. Following initial reaction time facilitation responses are slower to stimuli subsequently displayed at the cued location, an effect known as inhibition of return (IOR). Both facilitatory and inhibitory effects have been extensively investigated in two-dimensional space.

Change blindness in children with ADHD: a selective impairment in visual search?

Objective: This study evaluated change blindness and visual search efficiency in children with ADHD in searching for central and marginal changes.

Method: A total of 36 drug-naïve children (18 ADHD/18 controls) performed a flicker task that included changes in objects of central or marginal interest. The task required observers to search for a change until they detected it.

External morphology and ultra-structure of eggs and first instar of Prepona laertes laertes (Hübner, [1811]), with notes on host plant use and taxonomy.

The external morphology and the tegument ultra-structure of Prepona laertes laertes (Hübner, [1811]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae) eggs and first instar larvae feeding on Inga spp. (Fabaceae) in a forest fragment in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil, are described. Descriptions of the morphology with illustrations are presented, based upon observations through scanning electron microscopy and stereoscopic and optic microscopes attached to a camera lucida.

Assessing attentional systems in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and interactions of attentional systems in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by considering the effects of reinforcement and auditory warning on each component of attention. Thirty-six drug-naïve children (18 children with ADHD/18 typically developing children) performed two revised versions of the Attentional Network Test, which assess the efficiency of alerting, orienting, and executive systems. In feedback trials, children received feedback about their accuracy, whereas in the no-feedback trials, feedback was not given.

Altered depth perception is associated with presence of schizotypal personality traits.

Introduction: Impaired depth perception, a fundamental aspect of early visual processing, has been shown in patients with schizophrenia suggesting a disturbance to magnocellular and possibly parvocellular pathways. Despite some evidence showing visual-perceptive deficits in people with schizotypal personality traits (SPT), depth perception has not been evaluated in these subjects.

Methods: 12 clinically healthy schizotypy and 17 control participants were examined using a novel stereoscopic depth perception task.

Eye gaze versus arrows as spatial cues: two qualitatively different modes of attentional selection.

This study aimed to evaluate the type of attentional selection (location- and/or object-based) triggered by two different types of central noninformative cues: eye gaze and arrows. Two rectangular objects were presented in the visual field, and subjects' attention was directed to the end of a rectangle via the observation of noninformative directional arrows or eye gaze. Similar experiments with peripheral cues have shown an object-based effect: faster target identification when the target is presented on the cued object as compared to the uncued object, even when the distance between target and cue was the same.

Alerting, orienting and executive control: the effects of sleep deprivation on attentional networks.

Sleep deprivation alters attentional functions like vigilance or tonic alerting (i.e., sustaining an alert state over a period of time).

Alternative techniques to study characters of the genitalia in Lepidoptera.

The present note aims to describe two alternative methods for observing genitalia in Lepidoptera. The first one provides means to examine both male and female genitalia without spoiling the scales of the abdomen, preserving it attached to the thorax and aesthetically similar to an unexamined specimen. The second one provides ways of observing certain characters on the male genitalia in a non-destructive way, and does not depend on time-consuming removing and dissection of the abdomen.

Synthesis, antimalarial activity, and cellular toxicity of new arylpyrrolylaminoquinolines.

A set of nine new arylpyrrolyl derivatives of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline, characterized by different substituents on the phenyl ring or different distance between the pyrrolic nitrogen and the 4-aminoquinoline, has been synthesized and tested for their activity against D-10 (CQ-S) and W-2 (CQ-R) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. All compounds exhibited activity against the CQ-S strain in the low nM range, comparable to that of chloroquine. Some of them were also highly active against the CQ-R strain and not toxic against normal cells.

[Biological aspects and external morphology of immature stages of Memphis moruus stheno (Prittwittz) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)].

Immature stages of Memphis moruus stheno (Prittwittz) were subject of a behavior, biological and morphological study. The morphological study was carried out through observation by stereoscopic microscopy with camera lucida and micrometric lens attached for illustrations and measurements, respectively; and scanning electron microscopy for ultrastructural analysis. Behavioral data were obtained through direct observation in the field and laboratory.

New aryldithiolethione derivatives as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors.

A series of dithiolethione derivatives was synthesized and the in vitro HDAC inhibitory activity was tested. The most active compounds, 1 and 2, exhibited an IC(50) in nM range with a strong hyperacetylation of histone H4 in A549 cells. The HDAC inhibitory activity comparable to that of SAHA and the inhibition of A549 cell proliferation suggest that these compounds are worthy of further studies as potential anticancer agents.

[Earthquake in Abruzzo, public health interventions. Preliminary report].

On 6th April 2009, at 3.32 AM, there was in L'Aquila and in some neighbouring villages, after an earthquake swarm last some months, an earthquake of M(L) = 5.8 (Richter magnitude scale) on depth of 8.

Novel antimalarial aminoquinolines: heme binding and effects on normal or Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized human erythrocytes.

Two new quinolizidinyl-alkyl derivatives of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline, named AM-1 and AP4b, which are highly effective in vitro against both the D10 (chloroquine [CQ] susceptible) and W2 (CQ resistant) strains of Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo in the rodent malaria model, have been studied for their ability to bind to and be internalized by normal or parasitized human red blood cells (RBC) and for their effects on RBC membrane stability. In addition, an analysis of the heme binding properties of these compounds and of their ability to inhibit beta-hematin formation in vitro has been performed. Binding of AM1 or AP4b to RBC is rapid, dose dependent, and linearly related to RBC density.

Expanding postmortem donor pool using steatotic liver grafts: a new look.

Background: Clinical demand for liver transplant steadily grows while organs offer has reached a plateau years ago. To expand the donor liver pool, various options have been considered including acceptance of suboptimal donors and steatotic grafts, with a risk of poorer outcomes. The latter risk and its relation to the grade of liver graft steatosis have been studied in this prospective clinical study.