Evaluation of yeast-based additives on rumen fermentation in high- and low-concentrate diets using a dual-flow continuous culture system.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using 3 yeast-based additives as an alternative to sodium monensin on rumen fermentation parameters using a dual-flow continuous fermentation system. Ten fermenters (1,223 ± 21 mL) were used in 2 simultaneous 5 × 5 Latin squares arrangement with 3 periods of 10 d each, with 7 d for diet adaptation and 3 d for sample collections. Each Latin square assigning either a low or high level of concentrate to beef cattle diets, with 5 specified treatments: Control: no additives; Blend 1: yeast culture (), beta-glucans, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, and mannanoligosaccharides [1,600 mg/kg dry matter (DM)]; Blend 2: Beta-glucan and mannanoligosaccharide fractions from (1,600 mg/kg DM); Yeast Cells: hydrolyzed, inactivated, and spray-dried yeast cells (; 2,133 mg/kg DM); monensin (25 mg/kg DM).

Acromegaly Disease Control Maintained After Switching From Injected Somatostatin Receptor Ligands to Oral Paltusotine.

Context: Paltusotine is a nonpeptide selective somatostatin receptor 2 agonist in development as once-daily oral treatment for acromegaly.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of paltusotine in the treatment of patients with acromegaly previously controlled with injected somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs).

Methods: This phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled adults with acromegaly who had IGF-I ≤1.

Early Measures of TBI Severity Poorly Predict Later Individual Impairment in a Rat Fluid Percussion Model.

Background: Multiple measures of injury severity are suggested as common data elements in preclinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) research. The robustness of these measures in characterizing injury severity is unclear. In particular, it is not known how reliably they predict individual outcomes after experimental TBI.

Mechanical Spectroscopy Study of CrNiCoFeMn High-Entropy Alloys.

The equiatomic high-entropy alloy of composition of CrNiCoFeMn with an FCC crystal structure was prepared by either induction melting or additive manufacturing with a selective laser melting (SLM) process, starting from mechanically alloyed powders. The as-produced samples of both kinds were cold worked, and in some cases re-crystallized. Unlike induction melting, there is a second phase, which is made of fine nitride and Cr-rich σ phase precipitates, in the as-produced SLM alloy.

An information-oriented paradigm in evaluating accuracy and agreement in radiology.

The goal of any radiological diagnostic process is to gain information about the patient's status. However, the mathematical notion of information is usually not adopted to measure the performance of a diagnostic test or the agreement among readers in providing a certain diagnosis. Indeed, commonly used metrics for assessing diagnostic accuracy (e.

Fracture Risk Assessment and Drug Holiday in a Real-Life Setting.

Purpose: Describe fracture risk assessment practices among physicians treating osteoporosis in a real-life setting.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary academic center. Inclusion criteria involved adults (aged ≥18 years) who received minimum adequate therapy (bisphosphates, raloxifene, or denosumab ≥ 3 years or teriparatide ≥ 18 months).

Tiger sharks support the characterization of the world's largest seagrass ecosystem.

Seagrass conservation is critical for mitigating climate change due to the large stocks of carbon they sequester in the seafloor. However, effective conservation and its potential to provide nature-based solutions to climate change is hindered by major uncertainties regarding seagrass extent and distribution. Here, we describe the characterization of the world's largest seagrass ecosystem, located in The Bahamas.

Microstructural Study of CrNiCoFeMn High Entropy Alloy Obtained by Selective Laser Melting.

The high entropy alloy (HEA) of equiatomic composition CrNiFeCoMn and with FCC crystal structure was additively manufactured in a selective laser melting (SLM) process starting from mechanically alloyed powders. The as-produced alloy shows fine nitride and σ phase precipitates, which are Cr-rich and stable up to about 900 K. The precipitates increase in number and dimensions after long-period annealing at 900-1300 K, with a change in the HEA mechanical properties.

Mental Health of Medical Students Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic: a 3-Year Prospective Study.

Background: Very few studies prospectively analyzed medical students' mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate mental health in medical students in 2018, 2019, and 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

Methods: All students from first to fourth year were invited to participate in 2018.

Recruitment in randomized clinical trials: The MeMeMe experience.

Introduction: Recruitment is essential for the success of clinical trials. We are conducting a randomized clinical trial to test the effect of a Mediterranean dietary intervention with or without 1700 mg/day of metformin for the prevention of age-related chronic diseases, the MeMeMe trial (Trial registration number: EudraCT number: 2012-005427-32 ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02960711).

Fifty years of Shannon information theory in assessing the accuracy and agreement of diagnostic tests.

Since 1948, Shannon theoretic methods for modeling information have found a wide range of applications in several areas where information plays a key role, which goes well beyond the original scopes for which they have been conceived, namely data compression and error correction over a noisy channel. Among other uses, these methods have been applied in the broad field of medical diagnostics since the 1970s, to quantify diagnostic information, to evaluate diagnostic test performance, but also to be used as technical tools in image processing and registration. This review illustrates the main contributions in assessing the accuracy of diagnostic tests and the agreement between raters, focusing on diagnostic test performance measurements and paired agreement evaluation.

Pressure-flow breath representation eases asynchrony identification in mechanically ventilated patients.

Breathing asynchronies are mismatches between the requests of mechanically ventilated subjects and the support provided by mechanical ventilators. The most widespread technique in identifying these pathological conditions is the visual analysis of the intra-tracheal pressure and flow time-trends. This work considers a recently introduced pressure-flow representation technique and investigates whether it can help nurses in the early detection of anomalies that can represent asynchronies.

The addition of green propolis to laying hens had positive effects on egg quality: lower bacteria counts in the shell and lipid peroxidation in the yolk.

This study aimed to determine whether the addition of green propolis extract to the diet of laying hens would improve egg quality and bird performance and decrease bacterial contamination of eggs. Forty-five brown Hy-line laying hens were used, divided into five groups with three replicates each and three animals per cage: T0 - diet without propolis; T5 - 5 grams of propolis per kg of feed; T10 - 10 grams of propolis per kg of feed; T20 - 20 grams of propolis per kg of feed and T30 - 30 grams of propolis per kg of feed. The quality of fresh eggs was made on day 21 of the experiment, and eggs were stored for 21 days.

The Effect of Zr Addition on Melting Temperature, Microstructure, Recrystallization and Mechanical Properties of a Cantor High Entropy Alloy.

The effect of Zr addition on the melting temperature of the CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy (HEA), known as the "Cantor's Alloy", is investigated, together with its micro-structure, mechanical properties and thermomechanical recrystallization process. The base and Zr-modified alloys are obtained by vacuum induction melting of mechanically pre-alloyed powders. Raw materials are then cold rolled and annealed.

Diagnostic performance of radiologists with different levels of experience in the interpretation of MRI of the placenta accreta spectrum disorder.

Objectives: There have been no investigations on the association between previous abdominopelvic MRI experience without placental MRI experience and diagnostic accuracy of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). To evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiologists with different experience levels in interpreting PAS-related MRI findings.

Methods: This retrospective study included 60 women who underwent MRI for placental assessment between 2016 and 2020.

Mental health in medical students during COVID-19 quarantine: a comprehensive analysis across year-classes.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic brought abrupt changes when quarantine measures were implemented. Most medical students had distance learning as their main content delivery mode, but in clerkship (fifth and sixth years), in-person activities were maintained under new protocols. These different modes may have affected student mental health.

[The roles of patients in healthcare provision, training and research: A French perspective].

In 2002, patients were transformed into users of the French health system. As this opinion piece demonstrates, in 2021 they may at least potentially participate more actively than before. They can convey their knowledge of a disease and its treatments, and voluntarily share their experience.

Artisanal mollusc fisheries co-management in Brazil and Italy: Institutional innovations to address environmental crisis.

Initiatives of artisanal fisheries co-management and the construction of differentiated markets for seafood products have been emerging in different parts of the world, as an institutionalized way of coping with a global fishery crisis. This paper analyses some institutionalization processes of artisanal mollusc fisheries, considering the role of co-management in two Brazilian and Italian protected areas (Resex Pirajubaé and Conero Regional Park). Within a theoretical framework aiming at moving beyond the dualism between nature and society, the methodology of multiple-case-study has been used to carry on research about mollusc artisanal fisheries co-management networks in their constitution and development.

Decreasing HepG2 Cytotoxicity by Lowering the Lipophilicity of Benzo[d]oxazolephosphinate Ester Utrophin Modulators.

Utrophin modulation is a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy that would be applicable to all patient populations. To improve the suboptimal profile of ezutromid, the first-in-class clinical candidate, a second generation of utrophin modulators bearing a phosphinate ester moiety was developed. This modification significantly improved the physicochemical and ADME properties, but one of the main lead molecules was found to have dose-limiting hepatotoxicity.

Sexual function after vaginal erbium laser: the results of a large, multicentric, prospective study.

The aim of this multicentric, prospective study was to evaluate the effects of vaginal erbium laser (VEL-SMOOTH) on sexual function in postmenopausal women suffering from the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). This study was performed on an outpatient basis without anesthesia or drug use before or after the intervention, using an erbium laser (XS Fotona Smooth, Fotona, Ljubljana, Slovenia) in 1081 postmenopausal women (age 54.3 ± 3.

[Defining abuse: a difficult and controversial task].

Defining abuse: a difficult and controversial task. To offer a comprehensive definition of abuse is difficult, for the understanding of this phenomenon varies considerably from one author to the next. However, certain common characteristics are proposed in this paper: the victim's vulnerability, a specific, trustful, relationship to the perpetrator, and the fact that a power relationship is at stake.

An effective pressure-flow characterization of respiratory asynchronies in mechanical ventilation.

Ineffective effort during expiration (IEE) occurs when there is a mismatch between the demand of a mechanically ventilated patient and the support delivered by a Mechanical ventilator during the expiration. This work presents a pressure-flow characterization for respiratory asynchronies and validates a machine-learning method, based on the presented characterization, to identify IEEs. 1500 breaths produced by 8 mechanically-ventilated patients were considered: 500 of them were included into the training set and the remaining 1000 into the test set.