Isolation and Characterization of Colistin-Resistant from Foods in Two Italian Regions in the South of Italy.

The emergence of colistin-resistant in food products is a growing concern due to the potential transfer of resistance to human pathogens. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of colistin-resistant in raw and ready-to-eat food samples collected from two regions of Italy (Apulia and Basilicata) and to evaluate their resistance phenotypes and genetic characteristics. A total of 1000 food samples were screened, with a prevalence of 4.

Antimicrobial and Phylogenomic Characterization of Group Strains Isolated from Different Food Sources in Italy.

is a widespread environmental Gram-positive bacterium which is especially common in soil and dust. It produces two types of toxins that cause vomiting and diarrhea. At present, foodborne outbreaks due to group bacteria (especially sensu stricto) are rising, representing a serious problem in the agri-food supply chain.

Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Discriminate Two Closely Related Bacterial Species: and Sensu Stricto.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) is a diagnostic technique historically used in the microbiological field for the characterization of bacterial strains in relation to the specific composition of their lipid, protein, and polysaccharide components. For each bacterial strain, it is possible to obtain a unique absorption spectrum that represents the fingerprint obtained based on the components of the outer cell membrane. In this study, FTIRS was applied for the first time as an experimental diagnostic tool for the discrimination of two pathogenic species belonging to the group, and sensu stricto; these are two closely related species that are not so easy to differentiate using classical microbiological methods, representing an innovative technology in the field of animal health.

High Genetic Diversity and Virulence Potential in Isolated from Milk and Cheeses in Apulia Region, Southern Italy.

The group includes species that act as food-borne pathogens causing diarrheal and emetic symptoms. They are widely distributed and can be found in various foods. In this study, out of 550 samples of milk and cheeses, 139 (25.

Toxigenic Genes, Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance of Group Isolated from Ice Cream and Characterized by Whole Genome Sequencing.

is isolated from a variety of foods where it may cause food spoilage and/or food poisoning due to its toxigenic and pathogenic nature. In this study, we identified members of groups in 65% of the ice cream samples analyzed, which were characterized based on multi locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The MLVA revealed that 36 strains showed different allelic profiles.

Campylobacter vulpis sp. nov. isolated from wild red foxes.

During a sampling of wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) for the detection of Epsilonproteobacteria, 14 strains were isolated from the caecal contents of 14 epidemiologically-unrelated animals. A genus-specific PCR indicated that the isolates belonged to the genus Campylobacter. Based on the results of a species-specific PCR, the isolates were initially identified as C.

Multi-locus sequence typing and virulence profile in strains isolated from dairy products.

Members of group are important food contaminants and they are of relevant interest in food safety and public heath due to their ability to cause two distinct forms of food poisoning, emetic and diarrhoeal syndrome. In the present study, 90 strains of isolated from dairy products, have been typed using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis and investigated for the occurrence of 10 enterotoxigenic genes (, , , , , , , , and ) and one emetogenic gene (), to determine their genetic diversity. A total of 58 sequence types were identified and among these 17 were signalled as new profiles.

Fate of Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) under simulated acidic conditions of the human stomach.

A known amount (10 cfu/ml) of animal origin Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) ST398/t011/V and of human origin MRSA ST1/t127/IVa strains were individually inoculated into cheese and hamburger samples. The pH of each food matrix was gradually decreased from 6.0 down to 2.

Occurrence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in buffalo bulk tank milk and the farm workers in Italy.

The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of MRSA in buffalo dairy farms and in buffalo tank milk from Italy, and to provide information about the antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular characteristics of the isolates. We collected 75 bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from 75 farms and 24 nasal swabs from 24 farm operators. Three (4%) of the 75 BTM samples and 1 (4%) of the 24 human nasal swabs tested positive for MRSA.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Isolated Over 11 Years from Food, Humans, and the Environment in Italy.

Due to the increasing number of studies reporting the detection of antimicrobial-resistant isolates of , we sought to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in Italy and find potential correlations to their serotypes and multilocus sequence types (MLST). The antimicrobial susceptibility of 317 isolates collected from food, humans, and the environment from 1998 to 2009 was assessed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Serotyping and MLST was also performed on all isolates.

Global Emergence of Colistin-Resistant in Food Chains and Associated Food Safety Implications: A Review.

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria represents one of the most important challenges for public health worldwide. Human infections from antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can be transmitted from person to person, via the environment (especially in the hospital environment), or via handling or eating contaminated foods. Colistin is well known as a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of human infections; a recent study performed in the People's Republic of China has revealed that colistin resistance is also conferred by the plasmid-mediated gene in .

Identification of virulence and antibiotic resistance factors in isolated from bovine milk by Whole Genome Sequencing.

is a pathogenic aerobic bacterium responsible for diarrhea and septicemia in humans. It is frequently isolated from food products of animal origin, including milk and dairy products. To data, few reports are currently available on the genetic characteristics and virulence profiles of .

spp. in bovine milk: An emerging pathogen with potential zoonotic risk.

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of spp. in bovine bulk tank milk produced in Apulia Region (Italy). Samples collected from 396 dairy farms, after enrichment in a selective broth, were subjected to an genus - specific Real Time PCR.

Dolphin Morbillivirus in Eurasian Otters, Italy.

We report biomolecular evidence of dolphin morbillivirus in 4 wild Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) from southern Italy; 2 animals showed simultaneous immunohistochemical reactivity against morbilliviral antigen. These cases add further concern and support to the progressively expanding host range of dolphin morbillivirus in the western Mediterranean Sea.

Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility of strains isolated during anthrax outbreaks in Italy from 1984 to 2017.

Anthrax, caused by , is a non-contagious infectious disease that affects a wide range of animal species (primarily ruminants) including humans. Due to the often-fatal outcome in humans, quick administration of definitely effective antimicrobials is crucial either as prophylaxis or as a clinical case therapy. In this study, 110 strains, temporally, geographically, and genetically different, isolated during anthrax outbreaks in Italy from 1984 to 2017, were screened using a broth microdilution method to determine their susceptibility to 16 clinically relevant antimicrobial agents.

Evaluation of oxfendazole in the treatment of zoonotic Onchocerca lupi infection in dogs.

The genus Onchocerca encompasses parasitic nematodes including Onchocerca volvulus, causative agent of river blindness in humans, and the zoonotic Onchocerca lupi infecting dogs and cats. In dogs, O. lupi adult worms cause ocular lesions of various degrees while humans may bear the brunt of zoonotic onchocercosis with patients requiring neurosurgical intervention because of central nervous system localization of nematodes.

High Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Horses at Slaughterhouses Compared with Those for Recreational Activities: A Professional and Food Safety Concern?

The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in horses and its zoonotic potential is poorly understood. The objective of this study is to provide data on the prevalence and genetic characteristics of MRSA isolated from horses on farms, at racecourses, and at slaughterhouses in Italy, using standard and molecular methods. In addition, we report the prevalence of MRSA in horse handlers.

Comparative Genomics of Listeria Sensu Lato: Genus-Wide Differences in Evolutionary Dynamics and the Progressive Gain of Complex, Potentially Pathogenicity-Related Traits through Lateral Gene Transfer.

Historically, genome-wide and molecular characterization of the genus Listeria has concentrated on the important human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and a small number of closely related species, together termed Listeria sensu strictu. More recently, a number of genome sequences for more basal, and nonpathogenic, members of the Listeria genus have become available, facilitating a wider perspective on the evolution of pathogenicity and genome level evolutionary dynamics within the entire genus (termed Listeria sensu lato). Here, we have sequenced the genomes of additional Listeria fleischmannii and Listeria newyorkensis isolates and explored the dynamics of genome evolution in Listeria sensu lato.

In vitro efficacy of ribavirin against canine distemper virus.

Despite vaccination, canine distemper virus (CDV) remains one of the important pathogen of dogs with worldwide distribution. Ribavirin (RIB) inhibits replication of measles virus (MV), a morbillivirus closely related to CDV, both in vitro and in vivo. In this report the antiviral activity of RIB against CDV in cell cultures was assessed.