Modular and divergent synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted 4-quinazolinones facilitated by regioselective -alkylation.

The synthesis of a biologically relevant 2-amino-3-alkylamido 4-quinazolinone has been accomplished in four steps from commercially available materials using design principles from both modular and divergent synthesis. 3-Alkylation of 2-chloro-4(3)-quinazolinone using methyl bromoacetate, followed by C2-amination produced a suitable scaffold for introducing molecular diversity. Optimization of alkylation conditions afforded full regioselectivity, enabling exclusive access to the -alkylated isomer.

Adherence and persistence of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use in the United States.

Purpose: To describe medication adherence and persistence of HIV PrEP overall and compare between sex and age groups of commercially insured individuals in the United States.

Methods: We conducted a national retrospective cohort study of the Merative MarketScan Claims Database from 2011 to 2019 to describe adherence and persistence of PrEP overall and compared between sex and age groups. High adherence was defined as ≥80% of proportion of days covered and persistence was measured in days from initiation to the first day of a 60-day treatment gap.

Trends of nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis in the United States.

Objective: To describe national annual rates of nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) in the United States.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of commercially insured individuals in the Merative MarketScan Database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019.

Methods: Patients at least 13 years old prescribed nPEP per recommended Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines were identified using pharmacy claims.

Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Testing Guidelines in the United States.

Testing guidelines for initiation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been developed to ensure appropriate use of PrEP, such as among those with renal dysfunction or at high risk of seroconversion. While many studies have looked at the trends of use of PrEP in the United States, little is known about compliance with these guidelines, the quality of care of PrEP at a national level, or what provider-level factors are associated with high-quality care. We conducted a retrospective claims analysis of providers of commercially insured new users of PrEP between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019.

Screening -Phenylenediamine Antioxidants, Their Transformation Products, and Industrial Chemical Additives in Crumb Rubber and Elastomeric Consumer Products.

Recently, roadway releases of ,'-substituted -phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants and their transformation products (TPs) received significant attention due to the highly toxic 6PPD-quinone. However, the occurrence of PPDs and TPs in recycled tire rubber products remains uncharacterized. Here, we analyzed tire wear particles (TWPs), recycled rubber doormats, and turf-field crumb rubbers for seven PPD antioxidants, five PPD-quinones (PPDQs), and five other 6PPD TPs using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Evaluation and clinical validation of monkeypox (mpox) virus real-time PCR assays.

Background: In spring of 2022, an outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) spread worldwide. Here, we describe performance characteristics of monkeypox virus (MPXV)-specific and pan-orthopoxvirus qPCR assays for clinical use.

Methods: We validated probe-based qPCR assays targeting MPXV-specific loci F3L and G2R (genes MPXVgp052/OPG065 and MPXVgp002 and gp190/OPG002, respectively) and a pan-orthopoxvirus assay targeting the E9L locus (MPXVgp057/OPG071).

Patient profiles, initial hospital encounter characteristics, and hospital re-encounters of patients with a hospital emergency department visit or inpatient admission for major depressive disorder.

Objectives: To gain a better understanding of the characteristics of patients with a hospital encounter for major depressive disorder (MDD) and evaluate associated hospital resource utilization, hospital charges and costs, and hospital re-encounters.

Methods: Adult patients with a hospital encounter (i.e.

Late-Stage Diversification: A Motivating Force in Organic Synthesis.

Interest in therapeutic discovery typically drives the preparation of natural product analogs, but these undertakings contribute significant advances for synthetic chemistry as well. The need for a highly efficient and scalable synthetic route to a complex molecular scaffold for diversification frequently inspires new methodological development or unique application of existing methods on structurally intricate systems. Additionally, synthetic planning with an aim toward late-stage diversification can provide access to otherwise unavailable compounds or facilitate preparation of complex molecules with diverse patterns of substitution around a shared carbon framework.

Prevalence and distribution of high-risk prescription opioid use in the United States, 2011-2016.

Purpose: Despite the efforts of many stakeholders to reduce the risk of opioid overdose, there is limited information on the prevalence of high-risk prescription opioid use in the US.

Methods: Descriptive analysis of a nationally representative 5% random sample of anonymized, longitudinal, individual-level prescription claims from IQVIA LRx between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016 among individuals ages 18 years or older that used a retail pharmacy. High-risk opioid use was defined as ≥50 morphine milligram equivalents per day and/or having concurrent dispensing of a benzodiazepine based on overlapping days of coverage.

Telepharmacy and medication adherence in urban areas.

Background: Telepharmacies, which dispense medications on-site under the supervision of an off-site pharmacist using telecommunication technologies, have been proposed as a means to ameliorate the impact of pharmacy closures and improve access to medications.

Objectives: To examine whether adherence varies among individuals filling prescription medications through a telepharmacy versus a traditional pharmacy in an urban neighborhood.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using dispensing records of a traditional pharmacy and a telepharmacy, located in the same low-income Chicago neighborhood, from January 2016 to December 2018.

Trends of leprosy and multibacillary infection in the state of Georgia since the early 1900s.

Few investigations to date have analyzed the epidemiology of Hansen's disease (leprosy) in the United States, and in particular, if birth location is related to multibacillary versus paucibacillary leprosy. We collected data on 123 patients diagnosed with leprosy in Georgia from the National Hansen's Disease Program from 1923-January 2018. A logistic regression model was built to examine the relationship between country of origin (U.