Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisations Leading the Way in Child Health Research.

Historically, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research in Australia has adhered to Western research paradigms and contributed to the adverse impacts of colonisation. However, recent developments driven by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and scholars, and development of ethical guidelines for research, have promoted a more inclusive and collaborative research landscape. In this study, published papers and internal documents arising from a long-term partnership between Marninwarntikura Women's Resource Centre (MWRC) and the University of Sydney (USYD) from 2009 to 2023 were analysed using the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool and consultations with project partners.

Debate: Where to next for universal school-based mental health interventions? The value of student voices in informing the design and implementation of universal school-based mental health interventions.

Universal school-based mental health interventions present a promising approach to addressing youth mental health challenges; however, evidence suggests their effectiveness is often limited and unsustained. One contributing factor to this issue is the frequent superficial involvement of students in the design, implementation and evaluation of initiatives. In response, this paper advocates for the urgent prioritisation of student voice within these programmes, using in-depth and purposive qualitative approaches that empower youth to actively co-create and shape interventions.

Buprenorphine and postpartum contraception utilization among people with opioid use disorder: a multi-state analysis.

Background: The postpartum period provides an opportunity for birthing people with opioid use disorder (OUD) to consider their future reproductive health goals. However, the relationship between the use of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and contraception utilization is not well understood. We used multistate administrative claims data to compare contraception utilization rates among postpartum people with OUD initiating buprenorphine (BUP) versus no medication (psychosocial services receipt without MOUD (PSY)) in the United States (US).

Gender disparities in extreme psychological distress at cancer diagnosis and patients access to psycho-oncological care.

Background: Cancer has adverse consequences for mental health, especially in women. Lack of awareness of services and stigma diminish access to psycho-oncology services.

Aims: To assess psychological distress and willingness to engage in multidisciplinary psycho-oncological services among cancer patients.

Prescription psychostimulant use, admissions and treatment initiation and retention in pregnant people with opioid use disorder.

While attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is common among people with addiction, the risks and benefits of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication in pregnant people with opioid use disorder are poorly understood. Here, using US multistate administrative data, we examined 3,247 pregnant people initiating opioid use disorder treatment, of whom 5% received psychostimulants. Compared to peers not receiving psychostimulants, the psychostimulant cohort had greater buprenorphine (adjusted relative risk 1.

PitRSDNet: Predicting intra-operative remaining surgery duration in endoscopic pituitary surgery.

Accurate intra-operative Remaining Surgery Duration (RSD) predictions allow for anaesthetists to more accurately decide when to administer anaesthetic agents and drugs, as well as to notify hospital staff to send in the next patient. Therefore, RSD plays an important role in improved patient care and minimising surgical theatre costs via efficient scheduling. In endoscopic pituitary surgery, it is uniquely challenging due to variable workflow sequences with a selection of optional steps contributing to high variability in surgery duration.

Cardiovascular disease in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta: Clinical characteristics, care recommendations and research priorities identified using a modified Delphi technique.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a multisystem disorder most often caused by pathogenic variants in genes that encode type I collagen. Type I collagen is abundant not only in bone but also in multiple tissues including skin, tendons, cornea, blood vessels and heart. Thus, OI can be expected to affect cardiovascular system, and there are numerous reports of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with OI.

A Water Relaxation Atlas for Age- and Region-Specific Metabolite Concentration Correction at 3 T.

Metabolite concentration estimates from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are typically quantified using water referencing, correcting for relaxation-time differences between metabolites and water. One common approach is to correct the reference signal for differential relaxation within three tissue compartments (gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid) using fixed literature values. However, water relaxation times (T and T) vary between brain locations and with age.

Elucidating and contrasting the mechanisms for Mg and Ca sulfate ion-pair formation with multi-level embedded quantum mechanics/molecular dynamics simulations.

Solutions and minerals containing sulfate (SO42-), and Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations, are ubiquitous throughout the lithosphere and are significant components of seawater, thus presenting a prototypical system for the study of strong electrolytes and crystal nucleation mechanisms. However, despite their relative abundance, key questions remain unanswered about the most fundamental atomic-level steps of their mineralization pathways and aqueous dynamics. Here, we carry out enhanced sampling multi-level molecular dynamics (MD) embedded correlated wavefunction theory simulations to elucidate ion-pairing mechanisms for Mg-SO4 and Ca-SO4 in concentrated aqueous solution, accurately capturing effects arising from both structural dynamics and electron exchange-correlation.

Th1 cells are critical tissue organizers of myeloid-rich perivascular activation niches.

Unlabelled: Aggregating immune cells within perivascular niches (PVN) can regulate tissue immunity in infection, autoimmunity and cancer. How cells are assembled at PVNs and the activation signals imparted within remain unclear. Here, we integrate dynamic time-resolved imaging with a novel spatially-resolved platform for microanatomical interrogation of transcriptome, immune phenotype and inflammatory mediators in skin PVNs.

"You Don't Know What You Don't Know": Parent Perspectives on Navigating Disability-Related Information and Resources.

We examined the priorities parents hold for their children with disabilities and the pathways through which parents access needed information and resources related to these valued areas. Our sample included 405 parents of children (ages 12 and under) who experienced a diversity of disabilities and varied support needs. Although each of the parents wanted their children to experience an array of formative experiences, the extent to which parents were familiar with local resources related to these important areas was uneven and often low.

Increasing Completion of Daily Patient-Reported Outcomes in Psychotherapies for Late-Life Depression through User-Centered Design.

Background:  Treatment of depressive symptoms in older adults is a growing public health concern. Collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) may facilitate efficiently scaling psychotherapy for older adults but user-specific tailoring is needed to improve completion.

Objectives:  This study investigates (1) the effect of updating PRO collection tools for middle-aged and older adults with depressive symptoms through a user-centered design process on user completion of PRO questions, (2) what sociodemographic factors correspond with participant completion, and (3) how completion of PRO questions change during the course of a psychotherapy intervention.

Association between sick child facility readiness and quality of care at the individual and facility level in five low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Raising the quality of health services is key to continued progress in improving child health, however, data on service quality are limited and difficult to interpret. The relationship between facility readiness and the quality of care is complex.

Methods: Using publicly available data sets from five low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), we assessed the relationship between structural factors and the clinical quality of care for managing sick children.

Innovating Diabetes Care in Pregnancy: Do Group Care Models Improve Outcomes and Equity? A Report on Research Supported by Pathway to Stop Diabetes.

Shared medical appointments (SMAs) for diabetes and group prenatal care (GPC) for pregnant patients have emerged as innovative care delivery models. They have the potential to transform diabetes care by overcoming many of the time limitations of traditional one-on-one clinical visits. There is compelling evidence that SMAs improve glycemic control for nonpregnant patients with diabetes, GPC reduces Black and White health disparities in preterm birth, and diabetes GPC increases postpartum glucose tolerance test uptake among patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.

2SpamH: A Two-Stage Pre-Processing Algorithm for Passively Sensed mHealth Data.

Recent advancements in mobile health (mHealth) technology and the ubiquity of wearable devices and smartphones have expanded a market for digital health and have emerged as innovative tools for data collection on individualized behavior. Heterogeneous levels of device usage across users and across days within a single user may result in different degrees of underestimation in passive sensing data, subsequently introducing biases if analyzed without addressing this issue. In this work, we propose an unsupervised 2-Stage Pre-processing Algorithm for Passively Sensed mHealth Data (2SpamH) algorithm that uses device usage variables to infer the quality of passive sensing data from mobile devices.

Xylazine Positivity in Opioid-Positive Drug Screens on an Inpatient Labor Unit.

Objective: Untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) is associated with significant morbidity in pregnancy. Recent reports have highlighted the rise of xylazine in the nonprescribed fentanyl supply. The frequency with which pregnant people with OUD are exposed to xylazine has not been characterized.

Experiences of Midwestern obstetric clinicians during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to healthcare system changes aimed at minimizing disease transmission that impacted experiences with obstetric healthcare.

Objective: To explore experiences of clinicians providing obstetric care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Design: Qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five nurse practitioners and 16 obstetrical physicians providing a mix of outpatient and inpatient obstetric care during the COVID-19 pandemic in a mid-sized, Midwestern city in the United States.

The association between first trimester physical activity levels and perinatal outcomes.

Objective: Physical activity in pregnancy decreases the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study evaluates the association between first trimester physical activity, assessed by Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS) scores, and adverse perinatal outcomes.

Study Design: This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study in which patients were administered the KPAS in each trimester.

Gabapentin and pregabalin exposures reported to United States poison centers, 2012-2022.

Background: Gabapentin and pregabalin were originally introduced as anticonvulsant medications but are now also prescribed on- and off-label for multiple medical disorders, especially for pain management. The national opioid crisis has led to increased use of non-opioid pain medications, including gabapentinoids, which has been associated with changing patterns of adverse events associated with these medications. This study investigated the characteristics and trends of gabapentin and pregabalin exposures reported to US poison centers from 2012 to 2022.

Multifaceted implementation strategy to improve the evaluation of penicillin allergies in perioperative patients: a pre-post feasibility implementation study.

Objective: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention encourages nurses to evaluate penicillin allergies as part of hospital-based antibiotic stewardship programs.

Accountable care organizations and HPV vaccine uptake: a multilevel analysis.

Objectives: To examine associations between accountable care organization (ACO) membership and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and to evaluate variation in HPV vaccination across ACO providers.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: We analyzed the records of commercially insured children and adolescents aged 11 to 14 years using Connecticut's All-Payer Claims Database from January 2012 to December 2017.

A temperature-induced metabolic shift in the emerging human pathogen .

Unlabelled: is a bacterial genus containing both insect and emerging human pathogens. Most insect-restricted species display temperature restriction, unable to grow above 34°C, while can grow at 37°C to infect mammalian hosts and cause Photorhabdosis. Metabolic adaptations have been proposed to facilitate the survival of this pathogen at higher temperatures, yet the biological mechanisms underlying these are poorly understood.

Metabolite T relaxation times decrease across the adult lifespan in a large multi-site cohort.

Purpose: Relaxation correction is crucial for accurately estimating metabolite concentrations measured using in vivo MRS. However, the majority of MRS quantification routines assume that relaxation values remain constant across the lifespan, despite prior evidence of T changes with aging for multiple of the major metabolites. Here, we comprehensively investigate correlations between T and age in a large, multi-site cohort.

An autonomous implantable device for the prevention of death from opioid overdose.

Opioid overdose accounts for nearly 75,000 deaths per year in the United States, now a leading cause of mortality among young people aged 18 to 45 years. At overdose levels, opioid-induced respiratory depression becomes fatal without the administration of naloxone within minutes. Currently, overdose survival relies on bystander intervention, requiring a nearby person to find the overdosed individual and have immediate access to naloxone to administer.