Complete Genome Sequences of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Danish Ulcerative Colitis Patients.

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a potential factor in ulcerative colitis etiology. We report here the complete genome and plasmid sequences of three Escherichia coli isolates, C 237-04 (p7), C 236-04A (p10A), and C 691-04A (p19A), obtained from fecal samples from ulcerative colitis patients in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Intrinsic (L) sub-class in and is associated with a reduced susceptibility toward tetracycline.

Annotations of non-pathogenic bacterial genomes commonly reveal putative antibiotic resistance genes and the potential risks associated with such genes is challenging to assess. We have examined a putative tetracycline (L) gene (conferring low level tetracycline resistance), present in the majority of all publicly available genomes of the industrially important operational group including the species and . The aim was to examine the risk of transfer of the putative (L) in operational group through phylogenetic and genomic position analysis.

Genetics and pathology associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella spp. isolates from North American Pacific coastal marine mammals.

Southern sea otters (SSO: Enhydra lutris nereis) are a federally-listed threatened subspecies found almost exclusively in California, USA. Despite their zoonotic potential and lack of host specificity, K. pneumoniae and Klebsiella spp.

The Tetracycline Resistance Gene, (W) in subsp. Follows Phylogeny and Differs From (W) in Other Species.

The tetracycline resistance gene (W) encodes a ribosomal protection protein that confers a low level of tetracycline resistance in the probiotic bacterium subsp. With the aim of assessing its phylogenetic origin and potential mobility, we have performed phylogenetic and genome analysis of (W) and its flanking genes. (W) was found in 41 out of 44 examined subsp.

Corrigendum: Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Virulence Factors and Protects against Infection in a Model.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.

Effect of α-Hemolysin Producing in Two Different Mouse Strains in a DSS Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Phylogroup B2 have been associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we aimed to compare colonization with the UC-associated p19A in different mice strains, to investigate the role of alpha hemolysin in a UC mouse model.

Methods: In this study, Sigirr -/- and C57BL/6 mice were chosen, and UC was induced by adding dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to the drinking water.

Ulcerative Colitis-associated pathobionts potentiate colitis in susceptible hosts.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition linked to intestinal microbial dysbiosis, including the expansion of strains related to extra-intestinal pathogenic . These "pathobionts" exhibit pathogenic properties, but their potential to promote UC is unclear due to the lack of relevant animal models. Here, we established a mouse model using a representative UC pathobiont strain (p19A), and mice lacking single immunoglobulin and toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain (SIGIRR), a deficiency increasing susceptibility to gut infections.

Emergence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli within the ST131 Lineage as a Cause of Extraintestinal Infections.

sequence type 131 (ST131) is a major cause of urinary and bloodstream infections. Its association with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) significantly complicates treatment. Its best-described component is the rapidly expanding 30Rx clade, containing allele 30 of the type 1 fimbrial adhesin gene This lineage appears to have emerged in the United States and spread around the world in part due to the acquisition of the ESBL-encoding gene and resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Action of Essential Oil and Invertebrate Models.

L. (Myrtaceae) is an endemic plant from caatinga ecosystem (brazilian semi-arid) which have an essential oil (EbEO) with reported antimicrobial activity. In this work, models were used to characterize the inhibitory effects of EbEO in relation to EbEO inhibited the growth of all tested strains (including multidrug resistance isolates) with values ranging from 8 to 516 μg/mL.

Characterization of Diarrheagenic Enteroaggregative in Danish Adults-Antibiotic Treatment Does Not Reduce Duration of Diarrhea.

Enteroaggregative (EAEC) is frequently isolated from sporadic cases of diarrhea and in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in several regions of the world. The pathophysiology of EAEC continues to be enigmatic, and the efficacy of antibiotic treatment in EAEC-associated diarrhea has been discussed. Since the level of antibiotic resistance is increasing, it is essential to restrict the use of antibiotics to prevent further resistance development.

Hypervirulent K1 liver abscess and endogenous endophthalmitis in a Caucasian man.

Invasive Liver Abscess Syndrome is the most frequent of a number of infectious syndromes caused by hypervirulent clones. While incidences peak in Southeast Asia, travels to Asia and Asian ethnicity are independent risk factors for infection in the western countries, although non-Asians are infected as well. Although challenging, a prompt diagnosis is of utmost importance to ensure adequate treatment and improve overall survival and visual outcome in cases with ocular involvement.

HYPERMUCOVISCOUS KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ISOLATES FROM STRANDED AND WILD-CAUGHT MARINE MAMMALS OF THE US PACIFIC COAST: PREVALENCE, PHENOTYPE, AND GENOTYPE.

Emergent hypermucoviscous (HMV) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae have been reported in multiple marine mammal species; however, there is limited information regarding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this infection in these species. We determined the prevalence of HMV K. pneumoniae in wild-caught and stranded marine mammal populations on the US Pacific Coast.

Genetic Virulence Profile of Enteroaggregative Strains Isolated from Danish Children with Either Acute or Persistent Diarrhea.

Enteroaggregative (EAEC) is frequently found in diarrheal stools worldwide. It has been associated with persistent diarrhea, weight loss, and failure to thrive in children living in developing countries. A number of important EAEC virulence genes are identified; however, their roles in acute and persistent diarrhea have not been previously investigated.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in California Sea Lions ( Zalophus californianus): Pathologic Findings in Natural Infections.

Tissues of stranded California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus) naturally infected with a hyperviruluent strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae were examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry against the K. pneumoniae K2 capsular antigen. In 7 of 8 animals, there was severe purulent bronchopneumonia, sometimes complicated by fibrinonecrotizing pleuritis with pyothorax.

Turn Up the Heat-Food and Clinical Isolates Feature Two Transferrable Loci of Heat Resistance.

Heat treatment is a widely used process to reduce bacterial loads in the food industry or to decontaminate surfaces, e.g., in hospital settings.

DFI-seq identification of environment-specific gene expression in uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Background: During infection of the urinary tract, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are exposed to different environments, such as human urine and the intracellular environments of bladder epithelial cells. Each environment elicits a distinct bacterial environment-specific transcriptional response. We combined differential fluorescence induction (DFI) with next-generation sequencing, collectively termed DFI-seq, to identify differentially expressed genes in UPEC strain UTI89 during growth in human urine and bladder cells.

Cranberry Juice and Combinations of Its Organic Acids Are Effective against Experimental Urinary Tract Infection.

The antibacterial effect of cranberry juice and the organic acids therein on infection by uropathogenic was studied in an experimental mouse model of urinary tract infection (UTI). Reduced bacterial counts were found in the bladder ( < 0.01) of mice drinking fresh cranberry juice.

A Novel pAA Virulence Plasmid Encoding Toxins and Two Distinct Variants of the Fimbriae of Enteroaggregative .

Enteroaggregative (EAEC) is an increasingly recognized pathogen associated with acute and persistent diarrhea worldwide. While EAEC strains are considered highly heterogeneous, aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAFs) are thought to play a pivotal role in pathogenicity by facilitating adherence to the intestinal mucosa. In this study, we optimized an existing multiplex PCR to target all known AAF variants, which are distinguished by differences in their pilin subunits.

Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Virulence Factors and Protects against Infection in a Model.

Bacterial resistance to the available marketed drugs has prompted the search of novel therapies; especially in regards of anti-virulence strategies that aim to make bacteria less pathogenic and/or decrease their probability to become resistant to therapy. Cinnamaldehyde is widely known for its antibacterial properties through mechanisms that include the interaction of this compound with bacterial cell walls. However, only a handful of studies have addressed its effects on bacterial virulence, especially when tested at sub-inhibitory concentrations.

Structural and functional studies of Escherichia coli aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF/V) reveal a deficiency in extracellular matrix binding.

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an emerging cause of acute and persistent diarrhea worldwide. The pathogenesis of different EAEC stains is complicated, however, the early essential step begins with attachment of EAEC to intestinal mucosa via aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAFs). Currently, five different variants have been identified, which all share a degree of similarity in the gene organization of their operons and sequences.

Capsule-Targeting Depolymerase, Derived from Klebsiella KP36 Phage, as a Tool for the Development of Anti-Virulent Strategy.

The rise of antibiotic-resistant , a leading nosocomial pathogen, prompts the need for alternative therapies. We have identified and characterized a novel depolymerase enzyme encoded by phage KP36 (depoKP36), from the family. To gain insights into the catalytic and structural features of depoKP36, we have recombinantly produced this protein of 93.

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Daycare-A 1-Year Dynamic Cohort Study.

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) has been associated with persistent diarrhea, reduced growth acceleration, and failure to thrive in children living in developing countries and with childhood diarrhea in general in industrialized countries. The clinical implications of an EAEC carrier-status in children in industrialized countries warrants clarification. To investigate the pathological significance of an EAEC carrier-state in the industrialized countries, we designed a 1-year dynamic cohort study and performed follow-up every second month, where the study participants submitted a stool sample and answered a questionnaire regarding gastrointestinal symptoms and exposures.

Heat resistance in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli may favor environmental survival in a hospital setting.

Nosocomial infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are a major concern worldwide. There is an urgent need to identify bacterial factors promoting survival and persistence of these organisms in the nosocomial environment. Here, we describe the presence of a gene cluster, containing the Clp ATPase ClpK, within a collection of Danish ESBL-producing E.

Secretion of Alpha-Hemolysin by Escherichia coli Disrupts Tight Junctions in Ulcerative Colitis Patients.

Objectives: The potential of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to damage the integrity of the intestinal epithelium was investigated.

Methods: E.