Atlantinone A, a Meroterpenoid Produced by Penicillium ribeum and Several Cheese Associated Penicillium Species.

Atlantinone A has been isolated from the psychrotolerant fungus Penicillium ribeum. The exact structure of the compound was confirmed by mass spectrometric and 1- and 2D NMR experiments. Atlantinone A was originally only produced upon chemical epigenetic manipulation of P.

Variation of polyphenols and betaines in aerial parts of young, field-grown Amaranthus genotypes.

Amaranthus hybridus and Amaranthus mantegazzianus are commonly cultivated and the entire young fresh plants consumed as vegetables in regions of Africa and Asia. A. hybridus and A.

Does Pseudomonas fluorescens produce N-mercapto-4-formylcarbostyril?

The claim that N-mercapto-4-formylcarbostyril was isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens strain G308 is questioned since N-thiols appear to be unstable compounds at ambient temperature.

Cinnamoylphenethylamine 1H-NMR chemical shifts: a concise reference for ubiquitous compounds.

1H-NMR data of 25 cinnamoylphenethylamine derivates were recorded and compared in order to assign signals unequivocally without additional spectroscopic data. The spectra provide a key for the rapid identification of these ubiquitous natural products. The compounds isomerize rapidly in UV light, producing a characteristic upfield shift of the olefinic protons consistent with distorted planarity of the cis cinnamate, and this requires special attention during preparative work.

Synthesis and quantitation of six phenolic amides in Amaranthus spp.

Cinnamoylphenethylamines are phenolic amides in which cinnamic acid provides the acid moiety and phenethylamine the amine moiety. Single ion monitoring (SIM) in LC-MS was performed on amaranth leaf extracts. Masses corresponding to sets of regioisomers, including previously reported compounds, were examined.

Elucidating the transformation pattern of the cereal allelochemical 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and the trideuteriomethoxy analogue [D3]-MBOA in soil.

To deduce the structure of the large array of compounds arising from the transformation pathway of 6-methoxybenzoxazolin-2-one (MBOA), the combination of isotopic substitution and liquid chromatography analysis with mass spectrometry detection was used as a powerful tool. MBOA is formed in soil when the cereal allelochemical 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) is exuded from plant material to soil. Degradation experiments were performed in concentrations of 400 microg of benzoxazolinone/g of soil for MBOA and its isotopomer 6-trideuteriomethoxybenzoxazolin-2-one ([D3]-MBOA).

Fate of benzoxazinone allelochemicals in soil after incorporation of wheat and rye sprouts.

Growing cereals (especially rye), which are incorporated into the soil to increase soil fertility or organic matter content, is a common practice in crop rotation. The additional sanitizing effect of this incorporation has often been appreciated and is said to be due to leaching of benzoxazinones and subsequent formation of benzoxazolinones. In this study wheat (Stakado) and rye (Hacada) sprouts were incorporated into soil in amounts that simulated agricultural practice.

Andrastin A and barceloneic acid metabolites, protein farnesyl transferase inhibitors from Penicillium albocoremium: chemotaxonomic significance and pathological implications.

A survey of Penicillium albocoremium was undertaken to identify potential taxonomic metabolite markers. One major and four minor metabolites were consistently produced by the 19 strains surveyed on three different media. Following purification and spectral studies, the metabolites were identified as the known protein farnesyl transferase inhibitors andrastin A (1) and barceloneic acid A (2) along with barceloneic acid B (3), barceloneic lactone (4), and methyl barceloneate (5).

Transformation products of 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) in soil.

Three degradation experiments were performed to examine the formation of transformation products from 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) in different soil types and concentrations. In two experiments using BOA in low concentration (400 microgkg(-1)) only one unidentified transformation product was found, whereas in the degradation experiment in high concentration (400 mgkg(-1)) several metabolites occurred. Two of these metabolites, 2-amino-(3H)-phenoxazin-3-one (APO); and 2-acetylamino-(3H)-phenoxazin-3-one (AAPO) were synthesized to prove their identity.

Substrate specificity of the bovine serum amine oxidase and in situ characterisation of aminoaldehydes by NMR spectroscopy.

The oxidation of spermidine or homospermidine with bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) was monitored in situ, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in water with 10% D(2)O. NMR assignments were performed by spin decoupling and COSY spectra or by comparison with data from synthetic aminoaldehydes. The results represent the first in situ characterisation of the highly reactive aminoaldehydes and showed oxidation at the N(1) amino group of spermidine and homospermidine.

Bioactive cyclic peptides from the psychrotolerant fungus Penicillium algidum.

A new cyclic nitropeptide, psychrophilin D (1), together with two known cyclic peptides, cycloaspeptide A (2) and cycloaspeptide D (3), were isolated from the psychrotolerant fungus Penicillium algidum using C18 flash chromatography, LH-20 Sephadex and preparative HPLC. The structure of psychrophilin D (1) was derived from mass spectrometric information, 1D and 2D NMR spectra and Marfey's method. The compounds were tested in antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer and antiplasmodial assays.

Communesins G and H, new alkaloids from the psychrotolerant fungus Penicillium rivulum.

Communesins G (1) and H (2), two new alkaloids, have been isolated from the psychrotolerant, new species Penicillium rivulum Frisvad. The compounds were isolated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and preparative HPLC using UV-guided fractionation. The structures were determined from 1D and 2D NMR techniques and HRESIMS.

Karnatakafurans A and B: two dibenzofurans isolated from the Fungus Aspergillus karnatakaensis.

Karnatakafurans A (1) and B (2), two novel dibenzofurans, have been isolated from the Specie Novum Aspergillus karnatakaensis Frisvad. The compounds were the major secondary metabolites and were isolated through UV-guided fractionation of the organic extract. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including MS and NMR.

Psychrophilin B and C: cyclic nitropeptides from the psychrotolerant fungus Penicillium rivulum.

Psychrophilins B (1) and C (2), two new cyclic nitropeptides, have been isolated from the psychrotolerant, new species Penicillium rivulum Frisvad. The nitropeptides were isolated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and HPLC using UV-guided fractionation of the organic extract.

Psychrophilin A and cycloaspeptide D, novel cyclic peptides from the psychrotolerant fungus Penicillium ribeum.

Two fungal metabolites, psychrophilin A (1) and cycloaspeptide D (2), together with the known cycloaspeptide A (3) were isolated from the psychrotolerant fungus Penicillium ribeum using high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and preparative HPLC. The structures were determined from 1D and 2D NMR techniques, HREIMS, tandem mass spectrometry (ESMS/MS), and X-ray crystallography. The amino acid residues of psychrophilin A (1) and cycloaspeptide D (2) were all found to possess the l configuration by Marfey's method.

Surface motility in Pseudomonas sp. DSS73 is required for efficient biological containment of the root-pathogenic microfungi Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum.

Pseudomonas sp. DSS73 was isolated from the rhizoplane of sugar beet seedlings. This strain exhibits antagonism towards the root-pathogenic microfungi Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani.

Lipopeptide production in Pseudomonas sp. strain DSS73 is regulated by components of sugar beet seed exudate via the Gac two-component regulatory system.

Pseudomonas sp. strain DSS73 isolated from the sugar beet rhizosphere produces the cyclic lipopeptide amphisin, which inhibits the growth of plant-pathogenic fungi. By Tn5::luxAB mutagenesis, we obtained two nonproducing mutant strains, DSS73-15C2 and DSS73-12H8.

Bioactive metabolites from a marine-derived strain of the fungus Emericella variecolor.

From a marine-derived strain of the fungus Emericella variecolor, varitriol (1), varioxirane (2), dihydroterrein (3), and varixanthone (4), besides the known mold metabolites ergosterol, terrein, shamixanthone, and tajixanthone hydrate, were identified. The chemical structures of 1-4 were established by means of spectroscopic techniques and some chemical transformations. In the NCI's 60-cell panel, varitriol (1) displayed increased potency toward selected renal, CNS, and breast cancer cell lines.

How Delisea pulchra furanones affect quorum sensing and swarming motility in Serratia liquefaciens MG1.

Halogenated furanones produced by the benthic marine macroalga Delisea pulchra inhibit swarming motility of Serratia liquefaciens MG1. This study demonstrates that exogenously added furanones control transcription of the quorum sensing regulated gene swrA in competition with the cognate signal molecule N:-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone. This in turn results in reduced production of the surface-active compound serrawettin W2, which is crucial for surface translocation of the differentiated swarm cells.