Physical activity is strongly inversely related to post-challenge plasma glucose and glycemic spikes in a risk population for type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To examine the relationship between physical activity (PA) and various cardiometabolic risk factors during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), including glycemic spikes (PGS) in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 949 middle-aged subjects from the Risk factors in Impaired Glucose Tolerance for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) trial aged 40-70 years were included in the present cross-sectional analysis. Standard 75 g OGTT was performed and blood was collected every 30 min for 2 hours for measurements of plasma glucose (PG) and other cardiometabolic risk factors.

Relationship between hypoglycemic episodes and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: silent hypoglycemias and silent arrhythmias.

Objective: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), intensive treatment with insulin and/or sulfonylurea (SU) may be associated with excessive increased risk of hypoglycemic episodes. To evaluate the risk of critical arrhythmias related to glycemic variability, we carried out an observational study in type 2 diabetes patients with CVD.

Research Design And Methods: Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes and documented CVD who had been treated with insulin and/or SU underwent 5 days of monitoring with a continuous glucose measurement system along with parallel electrocardiogram recording for monitoring of ventricular arrhythmias.

A new HPLC-based assay for the measurement of fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) and FN3K-related protein activity in human erythrocytes.

Background: An impact on glycation, and possibly on diabetic complications, is attributed to fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) and its related protein (FN3K-RP) because they degrade Amadori compounds in vivo. Little is known about individual differences in FN3K-RP activity, which might contribute to an individual risk for diabetic complications.

Methods: An HPLC-based activity assay for FN3K-RP in erythrocytes with the substrate N-α-hippuryl-N-ε-psicosyllysine was developed.

Structured health care for subjects with diabetic foot ulcers results in a reduction of major amputation rates.

Objective: We tested the effects of structured health care for the diabetic foot in one region in Germany aiming to reduce the number of major amputations.

Research Design And Methods: In a prospective study we investigated patients with diabetic foot in a structured system of outpatient, in-patient and rehabilitative treatment. Subjects were recruited between January 1st, 2000 and December 31, 2007.

Association of physical activity with insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolytic biomarkers among population at high risk for type 2 diabetes.

Objective: TO investigate the association of physical activity with insulin resistance and biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis in a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes.

Patients And Methods: A total of 778 subjects from the Risk factors in Impaired Glucose Tolerance for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) study aged 40-70 years were included in the present cross-sectional analysis.

Results: Participants classified as having low physical activity (PA) were more insulin resistant in comparison to participants with medium (P = 0.

Conversion of IGT to type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with incident cases of hypertension: a post-hoc analysis of the STOP-NIDDM trial.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are closely associated and contribute together to microvascular and macrovascular end-organ damage. Prevalence of hypertension is increased even in the prediabetic state. However, there is little information available about the relationship between incidence of hypertension and a deterioration of glucose tolerance from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to diabetes.

Extended abdominoperineal excision vs. standard abdominoperineal excision in rectal cancer--a systematic overview.

Background: After introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) as the gold standard for rectal cancer surgery, oncologic results appeared to be inferior for abdominoperineal excision (APE) as compared to anterior resection. This has been attributed to the technique of standard APE creating a waist at the level of the tumor-bearing segment. This systematic review investigates outcome of both standard and extended techniques of APE regarding inadvertent bowel perforation, circumferential margin (CRM) involvement, and local recurrence.

Pulse pressure is a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk: Data of the risk factors in impaired glucose tolerance for atherosclerosis and diabetes and the Sofia Metabolic Syndrome studies.

Unlabelled: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between pulse pressure (PP), cardiovascular risk factors and intima-media thickness (IMT) in a population at risk for type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis in Saxony, and to assess the association between PP and history of myocardial infarction in the general population of Bulgaria.

Material And Methods: The Risk factors in IGT for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) study included 1139 subjects, aged 40-70 years, with a family history of type 2 diabetes, obesity and/or hyper/dyslipoproteinemia. The SMS study included 1018 subjects (> 14 years of age) from the general population of Bulgaria.

Metabolic syndrome and its single traits as risk factors for diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial.

The STOP-NIDDM trial was an international, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). They were treated with an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, to prevent diabetes; the overall number needed to treat (NNT) was 11. In a secondary analysis, we considered the impact of single traits and overall metabolic syndrome (MetS) respectively on risk of diabetes and NNT respectively.

Effect of acarbose on vascular disease in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance.

Introduction: Excessive postprandial (pp) glucose excursion in people with IGT and type 2 diabetes is associated with a cascade of proatherogenic events. Acarbose, a potent competitive inhibitor of alpha-glucosidases of the small intestine specifically reduces pp hyperglycemia with an average reduction of HbA1c by 0.8% in Cochrane metaanalysis.

Relationship between diurnal blood pressure variation and diurnal blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: Hypertension and hyperglycemia are established risk factors for progression of microangiopathies and macroangiopathies in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular risk is even more increased in diabetic patients with nocturnal nondipping or postprandial hyperglycemia. We therefore investigated the relationship between diurnal hyperglycemia and diurnal blood pressure (BP) variation in patients.

Impact of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome and their different combinations on the prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes in Germany (DIG) study.

Background: One of the major controversies surrounding the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in type 2 diabetes is whether its single components act synergistically as risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD). We aimed to answer this by evaluating the relationship, and its various combinations to AVD in comparison to single traits in a population-based study with type 2 diabetes in Germany.

Methods And Results: 4020 unselected patients with type 2 diabetes aged 35 - 80 years.

Impact of glucagon response on postprandial hyperglycemia in men with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Glucagon is the physiological antagonist of insulin. Postprandial (pp) hyperglycemia in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may also depend on irregularities in glucagon secretion. This study investigated the glucagon excursion after a lipid-glucose-protein tolerance test in subjects with different stages of glucose intolerance.

Ala12Ala genotype of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 protects against atherosclerosis.

A mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) gene with a cytosine to guanine substitution results in an exchange of proline (Pro) with alanine (Ala) in exon B (codon 12) of this gene. This polymorphism has been associated with high insulin sensitivity and low body weight, but no data have been published to date about its effect on early atherosclerosis. We investigated the relationship of the Pro(12)Ala polymorphism to early atherosclerosis, measured by the intima-media thickness (IMT).

Acarbose slows progression of intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.

Background And Purpose: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)-a prediabetic state-is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, was shown in the placebo-controlled prospective study to prevent noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (STOP-NIDDM) trial to reduce the risk of diabetes by 36% in IGT subjects. This article reports on a placebo-controlled subgroup analysis of the STOP-NIDDM study to examine the efficacy of acarbose to slow progression of intima-media thickness (IMT) in subjects with IGT.

Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity pattern is different in isolated impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose: the risk factor in Impaired Glucose Tolerance for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes study.

Objective: Isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are two risk categories for type 2 diabetes. This study compared both categories with respect to the degree of insulin secretion abnormalities and insulin resistance.

Research Design And Methods: This is a crossover comparison of a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes.

Leukocyte count and fibrinogen are associated with carotid and femoral intima-media thickness in a risk population for diabetes.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of the inflammatory parameters--leukocyte count and fibrinogen level--to the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery and the common femoral artery, as well as to a variety of risk factors within the metabolic syndrome in a risk population for diabetes.

Methods: A total of 597 subjects were analyzed from the Risk factors in Impaired glucose tolerance for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) study, who were at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes. IMT of the common carotid and common femoral artery was determined by B-mode ultrasound.