Tobacco Use, Insulin Resistance, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Introduction: Tobacco use is associated with insulin resistance and incident diabetes. Given the racial/ethnic differences in smoking patterns and incident type 2 diabetes our objective was to evaluate the association between tobacco use and insulin resistance (IR) as well as incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in a contemporary multiethnic cohort.

Methods And Results: We studied 5,931 Multi- Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants who at baseline were free of type 2 diabetes (fasting glucose ≥7.

Macrophage genetic reprogramming during chronic peritonitis is augmented by LPS pretreatment.

Background: Persistent and tertiary chronic peritonitis is a clinically challenging problem especially in those who are critically ill. This could be attributed to a state of immune-paralysis, known as microbial tolerance. Microbial tolerance is the diminished pro-inflammatory protein response following repeated stimulation by numerous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of varying origins, which we have shown in this novel model of chronic peritonitis.

White paper on academic emergency medicine in India: INDO-US Joint Working Group (JWG).

Emergency Medicine (EM) is a new discipline for India. As Medical Council of India (MCI) makes progress in recognizing the need to develop EM residency training programs in India it is important that there exist an established training model for future faculty, residents and medical students. This INDO-US white paper makes a serious attempt to recognize the opportunities and challenges in developing academic emergency medicine in India.