Publications by authors named "Carroll N"

Background: With the recent shift in lung cancer staging towards early-stage disease coinciding with the introduction of lung cancer screening (LCS), little is known if LCS has affected the rate of recurrence and survival in community settings. Our objective was to evaluate variation in the detection and outcomes of recurrent lung cancer stratified by receipt of LCS.

Methods: Patients aged 55-80 years old diagnosed with stage I-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between 1/1/2014 and 12/31/2020 who completed definitive therapy and were considered disease-free were identified.

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Background: Uptake of new systemic therapy treatments among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) occurred rapidly after FDA approval. Few studies have characterized the association of these therapies on survival in community settings. We assessed survival by type of systemic therapy received among patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC who were treated in community-based settings.

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Background: Unilateral aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas (APAs) are the potentially curable cause of 5% of all cases of hypertension. Their localisation (via adrenal vein sampling [AVS]) and removal (by laparoscopic adrenalectomy) require invasive procedures that are unattractive to patients. Molecular imaging-located, endoscopic ultrasound-guided trans-gastric radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) is a potential novel, minimally invasive alternative to AVS and total adrenalectomy for the treatment of APAs in the left adrenal gland, which is very close to the stomach.

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Background: This study addresses the intricate landscape of racial disparities in healthcare delivery, with a specific focus on surgical procedures. The concern was accentuated by the challenges posed during the COVID-19 pandemic when resources became scarce. Recognizing the potential impact of provider bias in medical decision-making, the American College of Surgeons introduced the Medically Necessary and Time-Sensitive (MeNTS) scoring system.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Psychotic disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often overlooked but have significant long-term effects, as seen in a case of a 63-year-old male who developed schizophrenia after a gunshot-related TBI.
  • - The interplay between TBI and psychosis involves neuroplasticity and can increase the vulnerability to chronic psychotic disorders, particularly in individuals with genetic predispositions.
  • - Understanding the differences between post-TBI psychosis and primary schizophrenia is essential for effective treatment, and there are challenges in proving a direct causal relationship between TBI and the development of schizophrenia.
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Aims: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potential complication of foot and ankle surgery. There is a lack of agreement on contributing risk factors and chemical prophylaxis requirements. The primary outcome of this study was to analyze the 90-day incidence of symptomatic VTE and VTE-related mortality in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery and Achilles tendon (TA) rupture.

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Enantiornithines were the most diverse group of birds during the Cretaceous, comprising over half of all known species from this period. The fossil record and subsequently our knowledge of this clade is heavily skewed by the wealth of material from Lower Cretaceous deposits in China. In contrast, specimens from Upper Cretaceous deposits are rare and typically fragmentary, yet critical for understanding the extinction of this clade across the K-Pg boundary.

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Relationship education has shown promising effects for low-income couples on outcomes such as promoting positive communication, improving global relationship satisfaction, parenting, and individual psychological distress. Studies also indicate that couples' baseline distress (e.g.

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Background: Patients from ethnic and racial minority groups with primary hyperparathyroidism may have greater time delays to curative parathyroidectomy. Contributing factors are unclear.

Methods: This was a sequential mixed-methods study.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Conducted between March 2017 and August 2023, the research included ICG clearance tests on 71 DBDs, finding that ICG-PDR was the sole independent factor linked to graft rejection, establishing a critical cut-off point at 13.5%/min.
  • * The findings were validated with an external group of 17 donors, suggesting that the ICG clearance test can serve as an effective screening method
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Extraction of nucleic acids (NAs) is critical for many methods in molecular biology and bioanalytical chemistry. NA extraction has been extensively studied and optimized for a wide range of applications and its importance to society has significantly increased. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of early and efficient NA testing, for which NA extraction is a critical analytical step prior to the detection by methods like polymerase chain reaction.

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The COVID-19 pandemic created a broad array of challenges for hospitals. These challenges included restrictions on admissions and procedures, patient surges, rising costs of labor and supplies, and a disparate impact on already disadvantaged populations. Many of these intersecting challenges put pressure on hospitals' finances.

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TOETVA's adoption has been slow in the Western hemisphere. Our study aimed to evaluate how endocrine patients in the United States perceive the risks and benefits of TOETVA. This was a cross-sectional study where a de novo survey was sent via email to patients seen from 2018 to 2020.

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Background: It is thought that half of the patients with chronic conditions are not adherent to their medications, which contributes to significant health and economic burden. Many studies estimate medication non-adherence by implementing a threshold of ≥80% of Proportion of Days Covered (PDC), categorizing patients as either adherent or non-adherent. Healthcare quality metrics pertaining to medication use are based on this dichotomous approach of medication adherence, including the Medicare Part D Star Ratings.

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Purpose: Lung cancer screening (LCS) guidelines in the United States recommend LCS for those age 50-80 years with at least 20 pack-years smoking history who currently smoke or quit within the last 15 years. We tested the performance of simple smoking-related criteria derived from electronic health record (EHR) data and developed and tested the performance of a multivariable model in predicting LCS eligibility.

Methods: Analyses were completed within the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process Lung Consortium (PROSPR-Lung).

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Background: While randomized trials have established that palliative radiotherapy, especially to bone, can improve qualitative measures of pain, its quantitative relationship to opioid prescribing patterns has remained underexplored. We aimed to identify the association of palliative radiotherapy on opioid prescriptions received among patients with metastatic cancer.

Methods: The Virginia Commonwealth University Institutional Review Board approved retrospective analysis extracted prescription data from all adult patients with metastatic cancer who underwent outpatient palliative external beam radiation therapy at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System from 2008-2018.

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Background And Aims: International endoscopy societies vary in their approach for credentialing individuals in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to enable independent practice; however, there is no consensus in this or its implementation. In 2019, the Joint Advisory Group on GI Endoscopy (JAG) commissioned a working group to examine the evidence relating to this process for EUS. The aim of this was to develop evidence-based recommendations for EUS training and certification in the UK.

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Objectives: Stenting of malignant colon obstruction is used as a bridge to surgery or as an alternative to surgical colostomy in a palliative setting. Current guidelines recommend stent placement as the first line of treatment in colonic obstruction in both curative and palliative settings. However, it is unclear whether the location of the malignant obstruction influences the outcome of the stenting procedure.

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This study evaluated the impact of an interdisciplinary care teams (IDCT) care management program on cost and quality outcomes using a novel algorithm to identify 400 high-risk patients out of 48,235 Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries. Of the 400, 252 were enrolled in the IDCT care management intervention program, while the remaining 148 were not enrolled. A second comparison group consisted of 660 who were referred to the IDCT program but not selected by the algorithm.

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Article Synopsis
  • In 2015, lung cancer screening became covered without out-of-pocket costs, but a study found that enrolling in deductible plans led to lower utilization of these services.
  • Researchers analyzed data over four years and found that deductible plan enrollees were significantly less likely to receive necessary steps for lung cancer screening, like clinician visits and screening orders.
  • The study highlights that those in deductible plans may avoid preventive care despite free services, suggesting the need for improved outreach to encourage screening utilization.
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Research is increasingly conducted through multi-institutional consortia, and best practices for establishing multi-site research collaborations must be employed to ensure efficient, effective, and productive translational research teams. In this manuscript, we describe how the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process Lung Research Center (PROSPR-Lung) utilized evidence-based Science of Team Science (SciTS) best practices to establish the consortium's infrastructure and processes to promote translational research in lung cancer screening. We provide specific, actionable examples of how we: (1) developed and reinforced a shared mission, vision, and goals; (2) maintained a transparent and representative leadership structure; (3) employed strong research support systems; (4) provided efficient and effective data management; (5) promoted interdisciplinary conversations; and (6) built a culture of trust.

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Mental stress is a risk factor for myocardial infarction in women. The central hypothesis of this study is that restraint stress induces sex-specific changes in gene expression in the heart, which leads to an intensified response to ischemia/reperfusion injury due to the development of a pro-oxidative environment in female hearts. We challenged male and female C57BL/6 mice in a restraint stress model to mimic the effects of mental stress.

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Background: Trials describing 4-12 week courses of direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission from infected donors to uninfected kidney transplant recipients (D+/R-transplants), may be limited in application by costs and delayed access to expensive DAAs. A short prophylactic strategy may be safer and cost-effective. Here, we report a cost minimization analysis using the health system perspective to determine the least expensive DAA regimen, using available published strategies.

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Introduction/background: Systemic treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is shifting from platinum-based chemotherapy to immunotherapy and targeted therapies associated with improved survival in clinical trials. As new therapies are approved for use, examining variations in use for treating patients in community practice can generate additional evidence as to the magnitude of their benefit.

Patients And Methods: We identified 1,442 patients diagnosed with de novo stage IV NSCLC between 3/1/2012 and 12/31/2020.

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