Nonoperative Versus Operative Treatment of Type IIA Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Prospective Evaluation of 99 Patients.

Background: Although current clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons suggest that Type II and III supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures be treated by closed reduction and pin fixation, controversy remains as to whether type IIa fractures with no rotation or angular deformity require surgery. The purpose of our study was to prospectively compare radiographic and functional outcomes of type IIa SCH fractures treated with or without surgery.

Methods: Between 2017 and 2019, 105 patients between 2 and 12 years of age presenting with type IIa SCH fractures and without prior elbow trauma, neuromuscular or metabolic conditions, were prospectively enrolled.

How Teacher Verbal Prompting and Demonstrated Modeling Correlate to Preschooler's Physical Activity Levels.

Background: Teacher-led strategies targeting verbal prompting and demonstrated modeling can increase preschoolers' physical activity levels; however, it is unknown which strategy promotes higher levels. The purpose of this study was to explore whether teacher verbal prompting or demonstrated modeling elicits higher levels of physical activity among preschoolers.

Methods: Participants included 117 (56 females and 61 males; mean = 3.

Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis is a collection of diseases caused by the misfolding of proteins that aggregate into insoluble amyloid fibrils and deposit in tissues. While these fibrils may aggregate to form insignificant localised deposits, they can also accumulate in multiple organs to the extent that amyloidosis can be an immediately life-threatening disease, requiring urgent treatment. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques and therapies are dramatically changing the disease landscape and patient prognosis.

Benchmarking challenging small variants with linked and long reads.

Genome in a Bottle benchmarks are widely used to help validate clinical sequencing pipelines and develop variant calling and sequencing methods. Here we use accurate linked and long reads to expand benchmarks in 7 samples to include difficult-to-map regions and segmental duplications that are challenging for short reads. These benchmarks add more than 300,000 SNVs and 50,000 insertions or deletions (indels) and include 16% more exonic variants, many in challenging, clinically relevant genes not covered previously, such as .

Sex differences in overweight and obesity among Mexican Americans in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: A comparison of measures.

The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, and disparities by race, ethnicity, and gender, have caused concern among public health practitioners, health care providers, and others, in part because overweight and obesity may be linked to chronic health problems and weight stigma. Researchers have traditionally relied upon body mass index (BMI) as a measure of overweight and obesity, despite its limitations. In this study we apply an intersectional framework and use data from the 2011-2018 waves of the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to study sex differences in the risk of overweight and obesity among Mexican Americans, triangulating three measures that proxy for overweight and obesity: BMI, high waist circumference, and high percent body fat.

Pharmacologic restraint use for children experiencing mental health crises in pediatric hospitals.

Background: Children in mental health crises are increasingly admitted to children's hospitals awaiting inpatient psychiatric placement. During hospitalization, patients may exhibit acute agitation prompting pharmacologic restraint use.

Objective: To determine hospital-level incidence and variation of pharmacologic restraint use among children admitted for mental health conditions in children's hospitals.

The Interplay between Reward-Relevant Life Events and Trait Reward Sensitivity in Neural Responses to Reward Cues.

The reward hypersensitivity model posits that trait reward hypersensitivity should elicit hyper/hypo approach motivation following exposure to recent life events that activate (goal-striving and goal-attainment) or deactivate (goal-failure) the reward system, respectively. To test these hypotheses, eighty-seven young adults with high (HRew) versus moderate (MRew) trait reward sensitivity reported frequency of life events via the Life Event Interview. Brain activation was assessed during the fMRI Monetary Incentive Delay task.

Oxygen saturation probe-related pressure injury prevention in children on an inpatient pediatric unit: a best practice implementation project.

Objectives: The aim of this project was to increase compliance with rotation and documentation of rotation of oxygen saturation probes to reduce medical-device-related pressure injuries in children on a pediatric inpatient unit.

Introduction: There are a multitude of factors that place hospitalized children at an increased risk for medical-device-related pressure injuries. Evidence supports the rotation of medical devices, if appropriate, at least twice daily to minimize the risk of medical-device-related pressure injuries in hospitalized children.

Undergraduate paramedicine students' experiences of feedback during clinical placement on-road: A scoping review.

Feedback on performance enhances student confidence and clinical skills and promotes safe clinical practice. Experiences of feedback are well documented across many health disciplines; however, less is known about paramedicine students' experiences of feedback on-road in an emergency ambulance. The aim of this scoping review was to identify what is known about paramedicine students' experiences of feedback during clinical placement on-road in an emergency ambulance.

Truncal sensory polyneuropathy in light-chain amyloidosis.

We describe a case of truncal sensory polyneuropathy in a patient with light-chain amyloidosis. We highlight the clinical signs and differential diagnoses related to the presentation.

Rimegepant for the treatment of migraine.

Migraine is a common form of primary headache, affecting up to 1 in every 6 Americans. The pathophysiology is an intricate interplay of genetic factors and environmental influence and is still being elucidated in ongoing studies. The trigeminovascular system is now known to have a significant role in the initiation of migraines, including the release of pain mediators such as CGRP and substance P.

Impact of radiocapitellar interposition arthroplasty on ulnohumeral joint biomechanics.

Background: Radial head excision (RHE) has been shown to increase contact pressures within the ulnohumeral joint. Radiocapitellar interposition arthroplasty (RCIA) with the use of a soft tissue graft is an alternative for the treatment of isolated radiocapitellar arthritis or with failure of radial head replacement. We investigated contact pressures and contact area within the ulnohumeral joint after RHE compared to RCIA with dermal autograft.

Risk for bipolar spectrum disorders associated with positive urgency and orbitofrontal cortical grey matter volume.

Bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) are associated with reward hypersensitivity, impulsivity, and structural abnormalities within the brain's reward system. Using a behavioral high-risk study design based on reward sensitivity, this paper had two primary objectives: 1) investigate whether elevated positive urgency, the tendency to act rashly when experiencing extreme positive affect, is a risk for or correlate of BSDs, and 2) examine the nature of the relationship between positive urgency and grey matter volume in fronto-striatal reward regions, among individuals at differential risk for BSD. Young adults (ages 18-28) screened to be moderately reward sensitive (MReward; N = 42), highly reward sensitive (HReward; N = 48), or highly reward sensitive with a lifetime BSD (HReward + BSD; N = 32) completed a structural MRI scan and the positive urgency subscale of the UPPS-P scale.

Field-scale monitoring of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas): Influence of site characteristics and capture technique on the blood metabolome.

Given their threatened status, there is considerable interest in establishing monitoring techniques that can be used to evaluate the health of sea turtles in the wild. The present study represents a methodological contribution towards field-scale metabolomic assessment of sea turtles, by exploring differences in blood biochemistry associated with site characteristics and capture technique. We compared the metabolome of blood from animals at three locations (two coastal and one reefal), collected from turtles that were either resting or active, and sampled across multiple seasons at one location.

Designing and Conducting Scholarly Quality Improvement: A Practical Guide for Improvers Everywhere.

Successful publication of quality improvement (QI) work is predicated on the use of established QI frameworks and rigorous analytical methods that allow teams to understand the impact of interventions over time. This article is meant to help QI teams disseminate their work more broadly through publication by providing tangible methods that many journals desire in QI articles with specific examples of published works referenced throughout the article. We introduce improvement frameworks that teams should identify early and use as a foundation throughout their projects.

Sentencing and mental disorder: the evolution of the , strategic interdisciplinary advocacy and evidence-based reform.

In , the Victorian Court of Appeal excluded personality disorders from the scope of the sentencing principles that apply to offenders with mental health problems around Australia (the ' principles'). This decision was based on a fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of personality disorders and had the potential to create serious injustice for many marginalised people. To redress this problem, the authors engaged in a unique process of strategic advocacy, which resulted in the Victorian Court of Appeal overturning in the recent case of .

Understanding of black salve toxicity by multi-compound cytotoxicity assays.

Background: Black salve is a controversial complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) associated with skin toxicity and skin cancer treatment failures. Black salve formulations vary between manufacturers and contain a number of botanical and synthetic constituents. The skin cancer cytotoxicity of a number of these constituents has not been assessed to date.

Echiumin E, an Aryl Dihydronaphthalene Lignan from the Australian Invasive Plant Paterson's Curse ().

A new aryl dihydronaphthalene lignan, echiumin E (), and four known compounds, echiumin A, globoidnan A, (-)-rabdosiin, and rosmarinic acid (-), were isolated from the Australian invasive plant (Paterson's curse) for the first time. Echiumin E () was characterized by 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry, with its absolute configuration assigned through comparison of experimental and TDDFT-calculated ECD data. Echiumin E () along with compounds - were screened in vitro against three cancer cell lines (SH-SY5Y, HeLa, and PC-3) and a prostate stromal (normal) cell line (WPMY-1) using a resazurin reduction assay.

Exploring lipid affinities of persistent organic pollutants and MeO-PBDEs in blubber of marine mammals.

Although lipophilic compounds have been the focus of numerous studies in marine mammals, their association with lipids is widely accepted, but rarely scrutinized. This pilot study aimed to investigate potential relationships between individual lipids from different lipid classes identified through a non-targeted Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based lipidomics approach and legacy POPs in the blubber of long-finned pilot whales, sperm whales, common bottlenose dolphins, and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins. Concentrations of selected POPs such as HCB and HCHs in sperm whales from Tasmania were found to differ from those in long-finned pilot whales and common bottlenose dolphins from the same location.

Older adults and family caregivers' experience of digital health technology in frailty care: A systematic review and meta-ethnography protocol.

Digital health technology has been identified as a valuable tool to support older adults with frailty needs in their home setting. Despite the numerous technologies and evaluations of these innovations, a synthesis of the older person and family caregivers' experience using technology for support self-management has not been conducted to date. A systematic review and meta-ethnography will be conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and eMERGe reporting guidelines.

Competing at the Cybathlon championship for people with disabilities: long-term motor imagery brain-computer interface training of a cybathlete who has tetraplegia.

Background: The brain-computer interface (BCI) race at the Cybathlon championship, for people with disabilities, challenges teams (BCI researchers, developers and pilots with spinal cord injury) to control an avatar on a virtual racetrack without movement. Here we describe the training regime and results of the Ulster University BCI Team pilot who has tetraplegia and was trained to use an electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCI intermittently over 10 years, to compete in three Cybathlon events.

Methods: A multi-class, multiple binary classifier framework was used to decode three kinesthetically imagined movements (motor imagery of left arm, right arm, and feet), and relaxed state.