Trends and projections of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asia: a three-decade analysis and forecast through 2031 using global burden of disease study (1990 - 2021).

Background: The rapid rise of non-communicable diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poses a significant global public health challenge, with South Asia experiencing an increasingly severe burden. This study aimed to analyse historical trends of T2DM across South Asia from 1990 to 2021 and forecast incidence through 2031.

Research Design And Methods: We carried out analysis based on the data from the 2021 Global burden of disease study.

Unveiling the Burden of Sickle Cell Anemia: A Pilot Study Validating Dried Blood Spots for Newborn Screening.

This hospital-based cross-sectional study aimed to screen newborns for sickle cell anemia immediately after birth and validate dried blood spot (DBS) samples against conventional venous blood samples (CBS) for hemoglobin variant analysis by HPLC. Among 751 newborns, 2.93% were found to have sickle cell trait.

In vitro and In silico investigation deciphering novel antifungal activity of endophyte Bacillus velezensis CBMB205 against Fusarium oxysporum.

Endophytes from medicinal plants are potential biocontrol agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), which is the causative fungus of banana wilt disease.

Investigation of the impact of R273H and R273C mutations on the DNA binding domain of P53 protein through molecular dynamic simulation.

The P53 protein, a cancer-associated transcriptional factor and tumor suppressor, houses a Zn ion in its DNA-binding domain (DBD), essential for sequence-specific DNA binding. However, common mutations at position 273, specifically from Arginine to Histidine and Cysteine, lead to a loss of function as a tumor suppressor, also called DNA contact mutations. The mutant (MT) P53 structure cannot stabilize DNA due to inadequate interaction.

Acute Psychosis as Presenting Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A Case Series.

Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency is a prevalent condition affecting a significant proportion of India's population, with implications for mental health. Despite its established link to psychiatric symptoms, vitamin B12 deficiency often remains underdiagnosed. The aim of this study is to highlight the association between vitamin B12 deficiency and acute psychosis, emphasizing the importance of early detection and treatment.

Identification of Novel Potential Herbal Drug Targets against Beta-Catenin in the Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: The study aims to identify potential pharmacophore models for targeting beta-catenin, a crucial protein involved in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), using a combination of herbal compounds and computational approaches.

Methods: Five natural compounds namely Quercetin, Lycopene, Ovatodiolide, Karsil, and Delphinidin were selected based on their reported activity against beta-catenin. Ligand characteristics were analyzed using SwissADME to evaluate drug-likeness, lipophilicity (logP), and bioavailability.

Imaging in atypical van der knaap disease with subependymal nodular heterotopia: A case report.

Here, we discuss a rare and to our knowledge, the first case of an atypical Van der Knaap's disease in a 6-year-old boy who presented with motor difficulties, developmental delay, cognitive impairment, seizures. The objective of this report is to highlight its unusual findings on MRI including internal capsule, brainstem, cerebellum involvement; subependymal nodular heterotopia, subependymal cysts, cortical laminar necrosis along with typical findings of megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy and subcortical cysts. The study also underscores the clinical implications of this complex pathology, with emphasis on comprehensive neuroradiological evaluation for atypical presentations to guide better diagnostic and management outcomes.

Investigating Emotional Intelligence: A Cross-Sectional Study of Pune's Postgraduate Medical Scholars.

Introduction Emotional intelligence (EI), which encompasses the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions, is crucial for effective human interaction. In healthcare, especially in medicine, compassion and empathy are prioritized qualities associated with enhanced patient outcomes, increased patient compliance, and overall improved healthcare experiences. This study focused on postgraduate medical students to assess their EI levels and identify influencing factors.

Enhancing Drug Discovery and Patient Care through Advanced Analytics with The Power of NLP and Machine Learning in Pharmaceutical Data Interpretation.

This study delves into the transformative potential of Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) within the pharmaceutical industry, spotlighting their significant impact on enhancing medical research methodologies and optimizing healthcare service delivery. Utilizing a vast dataset sourced from a well-established online pharmacy, this research employs sophisticated ML algorithms and cutting-edge NLP techniques to critically analyze medical descriptions and optimize recommendation systems for drug prescriptions and patient care management. Key technological integrations include BERT embeddings, which provide nuanced contextual understanding of complex medical texts, and cosine similarity measures coupled with TF-IDF vectorization to significantly enhance the precision and reliability of text-based medical recommendations.

Factors Affecting Readmission in Patients with Surgical Site Infection: A Graphical and Prediction Model-Based Approach.

Antimicrobial therapy is becoming less effective because of the rising microbial resistance. Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the major complications that require modifications in the infection control policy for effective management. To develop a model for predicting the readmission rates post-SSI treatment and to identify prevalent microbial isolates and the respective trends in resistance patterns.

Assessment of Self-Medication Practices and Knowledge Among Medical Students in Chengalpattu District: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: The practice of self-medication is wherein individuals initiate the use of medications without consulting a healthcare professional. College life is a period marked by academic, social, and personal changes. Due to their greater freedom and the pressure of academic success, students face various health issues.

Severe corneal manifestations of graft-versus-host disease: Experience of a tertiary referral center.

Purpose: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). GVHD may affect several organs, including ocular manifestations, ranging from dry eye syndrome to sight-threatening corneal ulceration or perforation. Limited information is available about characteristics and treatments of ocular GVHD and its relation to general prognosis.

Advances in diagnosis and prognosis of bacteraemia, bloodstream infection, and sepsis using machine learning: A comprehensive living literature review.

Background: Blood-related infections are a significant concern in healthcare. They can lead to serious medical complications and even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Throughout time, medical research has sought to identify clinical factors and strategies to improve the management of these conditions.

Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Pediatric Snakebite Envenomation: A Three-Year Retrospective Study From a Rural Tertiary Care Center in South India.

Background Snakebite envenomation remains a significant public health challenge in tropical countries, particularly affecting the pediatric population. Children are especially vulnerable because of their smaller body mass, outdoor activities, and delayed presentation to healthcare facilities. This study aimed to analyze the clinical profile, demographic patterns, and envenomation characteristics of snakebites in children aged 1-16 years presenting to a tertiary care center.

Overcoming Giant Verruca Vulgaris Treatment Obstacles With Siddha Medicine: A Case Report.

Verrucae vulgaris are infectious keratotic lesions caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), frequently impairing an individual's quality of life, mainly when situated on the facial region. Verruca vulgaris constitutes a prevalent dermatological issue with diverse repercussions for those affected. The interaction among HPV, the immune system, and treatment methods requires a sophisticated comprehension of this illness.

Analysis of systemic serum vancomycin levels following intraarticular application in primary total joint arthroplasty.

Introduction: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication following primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA). PJI accounts for 15-25% of revision surgeries, therefore it is associated with PJI is associated with substantial patient morbidity and mortality as well as increased healthcare expenditures due to complex treatment strategies. Recently, intraoperative local application of vancomycin powder is increasingly being used in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA) as an additive strategy for PJI prevention.

Enhancing diabetic retinopathy and macular edema detection through multi scale feature fusion using deep learning model.

Background: This work tackles the growing problem of early identification of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. The deep neural network design utilizes multi-scale feature fusion to improve automated diagnostic accuracy. Methods This approach uses convolutional neural networks (CNN) and is designed to combine higher-level semantic inputs with low-level textural characteristics.

Extensive Multiorgan and Neurological Involvement on F-18 FDG PET-CT in a Case of Rosai-Dorfman Disease.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare benign proliferative disorder. Lymph nodes are the usual and common sites of involvement. Involvement of the extranodal site is also documented in the literature.

Sensorless vector-controlled induction motor drives: Boosting performance with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System integrated augmented Model Reference Adaptive System.

The Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) is effective for speed control in sensorless Induction Motor (IM) drives, particularly at zero and very low speeds. This study enhances MRAS's resilience and dynamic performance by integrating an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller into sensorless vector-controlled IM drives. The research addresses challenges related to parameter uncertainties, load variations, and external disturbances through the combination of MRAS and ANFIS.

Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct Posing Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.

Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct are rare tumors with fibrovascular stalks arising from the bile duct. It is often difficult to diagnose preoperatively, especially from mucinous cystic neoplasms. The incidence is more common in Asian countries and rare in Western countries.

Trichosporon infection in chronic kidney disease patients from a tertiary care hospital - a case series or an outbreak? An unanswered question but a well-managed problem.

While the majority of spp. isolated in clinical laboratories are typically associated with episodes of colonization or superficial infections, this fungal species has gained recognition as an opportunistic pathogen, leading to invasive infections worldwide. In this article, we present a case series of spp.

Single-Stage Mini-Open Release for Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - A Case Report.

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compressive neuropathy, often leading to significant impairment, especially in patients with bilateral involvement. When conservative trials fail, surgical options such as open, mini-open, and endoscopic carpal tunnel release are considered. This report highlights the use of single-stage bilateral mini-open carpal tunnel release, emphasizing its efficiency, reduced recovery time, and cost-effectiveness.

Uropathogenic Pan-Drug-Resistant Providencia rettgeri Infection in a Patient With an Indwelling Urinary Catheter: A Case Report.

This case report details the clinical management and implications of infection with pan-drug-resistant in a 50-year-old male admitted and diagnosed with acute peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation, highlighting an emerging challenge in healthcare settings. Following emergency laparotomy and intensive care admission, the patient was catheterized to assist urine drainage and subsequent urine bacterial culture which yielded pan-drug-resistant , signifying a notable instance of nosocomial infection by a multi-drug-resistant organism. Despite the organism's resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics, clinical improvement was observed with levofloxacin treatment, underlining the potential discrepancy between in vitro resistance patterns and in vivo response, particularly in urinary tract infections (UTIs) where urine drug concentrations are pivotal.