Frailty and Mortality Risk Among Dogs with Extreme Longevity: Development and Predictive Validity of a Clinical Frailty Index in the Exceptional Aging in Rottweilers Study.

Frailty refers to a state of increased vulnerability to mortality and other adverse outcomes as a consequence of age-related decline in physiologic reserve and function. Comparative biomedical scientists are relied upon to innovate approaches to enhance understanding of the similarities and differences between humans and other animal species that can impact healthy aging. The research aim of this study was to develop a clinical frailty index (FI) in the Exceptional Aging in Rottweilers Study (EARS) and test its ability to predict all-cause mortality in elderly dogs.

Promotora intervention for metabolic and mental health to reduce type 2 diabetes risk: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel behavioral intervention (PRIME2) that integrates evidence-based approaches for reducing diabetes risk and perceived stress. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial of the 16-session PRIME2 intervention vs. usual care among 40 Spanish-speaking Latinx adults with prediabetes and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m.

The Leaky Preexposure Prophylaxis Cascade: Barriers and Facilitators to Preexposure Prophylaxis Uptake and Adherence Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in the US South, a Mixed Methods Study.

Adherence to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is lower among high-risk populations, including youth experiencing homelessness (YEH). This study determined the feasibility of urine PrEP adherence biomarker testing and examined the barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake and adherence among YEH. YEH were recruited from a randomized control trial conducted in a large urban setting in southern United States.

Golden era of radiosensitizers.

The past 30 years have brought undeniable progress in medicine, biology, physics, and research. Knowledge of the nature of the human body, diseases, and disorders has been constantly improving, and the same is true regarding their treatment and diagnosis. One of the greatest advances in recent years has been the introduction of nanoparticles (NPs) into medicine.

Microwave-Driven Reduction Accelerates Oxygen Exchange in Perovskite Oxides.

Microwave-assisted oxide reduction has emerged as a promising method to electrify chemical looping processes for renewable hydrogen production. Moreover, these thermochemical cycles can be used for thermochemical air separation, electrifying the O generation by applying microwaves in the reduction step. This approach offers an alternative to conventional cryogenic air separation, producing pure streams of O and N.

Registered report: Cognitive ability, but not cognitive reflection, predicts expressing greater political animosity and favouritism.

Liberals and conservatives both express political animosity and favouritism. However, less is known about whether the same or different factors contribute to this phenomenon among liberals and conservatives. We test three different relationships that could emerge among cognitive ability, cognitive reflection and political group-based attitudes.

RNAseq and targeted metabolomics implicate RIC8 in regulation of energy homeostasis, amino acid compartmentation, and asexual development in .

Unlabelled: Heterotrimeric G protein signaling pathways control growth and development in eukaryotes. In the multicellular fungus , the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RIC8 regulates heterotrimeric Gα subunits. In this study, we used RNAseq and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to profile the transcriptomes and metabolomes of wild type, the Gα subunit mutants Δ and Δ, and Δ strains.

Dietary Intake Is Similar Among Adult Men with Different Levels of Cold-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Activation.

Background/objectives: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation has important metabolic health implications, yet the relationship between habitual dietary intake and BAT activity in humans remains to be fully understood.

Methods: We compared dietary intake among adult men with (BAT, age: 34.8 ± 5.

Magnetic resonance imaging, water relation, gene expression and biochemical data for analysis of the effects of water stress on potato plant functioning and tuber development and quality.

The data presented in this paper include the original and processed MRI images acquired with a 1.5 T whole-body MRI scanner, describing the growth kinetics, spatialization and appearance of internal defaults of individual tubers of potato plants (Rosanna cultivar of ) grown in pots in a semi-controlled environment and exposed to two water regimes. The 2 conditions were a well-watered regime, in which soil moisture was maintained at 70 % of field capacity, and a variable water deficit regime, in which soil moisture was reduced to 20 % of field capacity several times during tuber growth, followed each time by a few-day period of rehydration to 70 % of field capacity.

An Abscopal Effect on Lung Metastases in Canine Mammary Cancer Patients Induced by Neoadjuvant Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticles and Anti-Canine PD-1.

Neoadjuvant intratumoral (IT) therapy could amplify the weak responses to checkpoint blockade therapy observed in breast cancer (BC). In this study, we administered neoadjuvant IT anti-canine PD-1 therapy (IT acPD-1) alone or combined with IT cowpea mosaic virus therapy (IT CPMV/acPD-1) to companion dogs diagnosed with canine mammary cancer (CMC), a spontaneous tumor resembling human BC. CMC patients treated weekly with acPD-1 (n = 3) or CPMV/acPD-1 (n = 3) for four weeks or with CPMV/acPD-1 (n = 3 patients not candidates for surgery) for up to 11 weeks did not experience immune-related adverse events.

Comparison of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture Incidence among Parous and Nulliparous Rottweiler Bitches: Evidence from a Lifetime Cohort Study Supporting a Paradigm of Pregnancy-Associated Protection against Subsequent Non-Reproductive Disease Outcomes.

Emerging evidence in women supports the notion that pregnancy may reset disease resistance, thereby providing protection against subsequent adverse health outcomes, but this hypothesis has not been adequately explored in domestic dogs. Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is a degenerative orthopedic disease that frequently affects pet dogs, and its risk has been associated with disruption of the reproductive hormone axis. Our research team is conducting a lifetime cohort study of purebred Rottweilers in North America that have lived 30% longer than breed-average.

An exploratory investigation of heart rate and heart rate variability responses to daylong heat exposure in young and older adults.

Heart rate variability (HRV) has shown potential as a tool for monitoring thermal strain, but there is limited data to support its efficacy in older adults during prolonged heat exposures. We compared HRV between young (19-31 years,  = 20) and older (61-78 years,  = 39) adults during 9 h of heat exposure (40 °C, 9% RH). We also explored whether heart rate (HR) and/or HRV could be used to distinguish older adults who achieved elevated thermal strain, defined as either (1) an increase in core temperature >1.

Registered report protocol: Stress testing predictive models of ideological prejudice.

In this registered report, we propose to stress-test existing models for predicting the ideology-prejudice association, which varies in size and direction across target groups. Previous models of this relationship use the perceived ideology, status, and choice in group membership of target groups to predict the ideology-prejudice association across target groups. These analyses show that models using only the perceived ideology of the target group are more accurate and parsimonious in predicting the ideology-prejudice association than models using perceived status, choice, and all of the characteristics in a single model.

Squeezing Out Nanoparticles from Perovskites: Controlling Exsolution with Pressure.

Nanoparticle exsolution has emerged as a versatile method to functionalize oxides with robust metallic nanoparticles for catalytic and energy applications. By modifying certain external parameters during thermal reduction (temperature, time, reducing gas), some morphological and/or compositional properties of the exsolved nanoparticles can be tuned. Here, it is shown how the application of high pressure (<100 bar H) enables the control of the exsolution of ternary FeCoNi alloyed nanoparticles from a double perovskite.

Gearing in a hydrostatic skeleton: the tube feet of juvenile sea stars (Leptasterias sp.).

Hydrostatic skeletons, such as an elephant trunk or a squid tentacle, permit the transmission of mechanical work through a soft body. Despite the ubiquity of these structures among animals, we generally do not understand how differences in their morphology affect their ability to transmit muscular work. Therefore, the present study used mathematical modeling, morphometrics, and kinematics to understand the transmission of force and displacement in the tube feet of the juvenile six-rayed star (Leptasterias sp.

A re-assessment of the value of markers of corticosteroid contact allergy in the Spanish baseline series: Clobetasol propionate in the spotlight.

Background: Budesonide and tixocortol pivalate as markers of contact allergy to corticosteroids have been questioned, as they are not able to detect a significant percentage of allergic patients.

Objectives: To investigate the potential role of clobetasol propionate in enhancing corticosteroid sensitisation detection.

Methods: Between January 2022 and December 2023, patients who attended centres involved in the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy were tested with an extended baseline series that included budesonide, tixocortol pivalate, clobetasol propionate 0.

Cost-effectiveness of preoperative pharmaceutical care consultations: a 5-year analysis.

Objectives: Preoperative medication errors can be prevented by screening patients through a preoperative pharmaceutical care consultation. The aim of this study was to analyse the cost-effectiveness of implementing such a consultation and to determine which patients would benefit most.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted that included all patients who underwent a preoperative pharmacy consultation between 2016 and 2020.

Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles with Parameters Required for Applications: From Synthesis to Parametrization.

Hyaluronic acid is an excellent biocompatible material for applications. Its ability to bind CD44, a cell receptor involved in numerous biological processes, predetermines HA-based nanomaterials as unique carrier for therapeutic and theranostic applications. Although numerous methods for the synthesis of hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HANPs) are available today, their low reproducibility and wide size distribution hinder the precise assessment of the effect on the organism.

Biofoams with untapped enzymatic potential produced from beer bagasse by indigenous fungal strains.

White rot fungi are promising organisms for the production of mycelial-based biofoams, providing a sustainable means of valorizing lignocellulosic wastes. This study explores the utilization of two indigenous fungal species, isolated from Argentina and belonging to the genera Trametes, for producing biofoams from brewery waste. The resulting biofoams exhibited an average density of 0.

New trends in nanoparticle exsolution.

Many relevant high-temperature chemical processes require the use of oxide-supported metallic nanocatalysts. The harsh conditions under which these processes operate can trigger catalyst degradation nanoparticle sintering, carbon depositions or poisoning, among others. This primarily affects metallic nanoparticles created deposition methods with low metal-support interaction.

Psychosocial predictors of health behavior adherence in heart-failure patients with comorbid depression: a secondary analysis of the Hopeful Heart trial.

Background: Depression affects 20-30% of individuals with heart failure (HF), and it is associated with worse health outcomes independent of disease severity. One potential explanation is the adverse impact of depression on HF patients' adherence to the health behaviors needed to self-manage their condition. The aim of this study is to identify characteristics associated with lower adherence in this population, which could help to recognize individuals at higher risk and eventually tailor health behavior interventions to their needs.

Clinical features and outcomes of dogs with attempted medical management for discrete gastrointestinal foreign material: 68 cases (2018-2023).

Objective: To retrospectively describe clinical characteristics of canine gastrointestinal foreign bodies (GIFB) that were successfully and unsuccessfully managed conservatively.

Animals: 68 client-owned dogs presented to the Texas A&M Small Animal Teaching Hospital between January 1, 2018, and October 1, 2023, for GIFB where medical management was attempted.

Clinical Presentation: Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, physical examination, bloodwork, diagnostic imaging, foreign body type, location, treatments, and outcome.

Addressing the unspoken: sexual dysfunction in men with systemic lupus erythematosus, a call to action for rheumatologists.

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction (SD) is highly prevalent and multifactorial; nevertheless, recent research has shed light on a notable phenomenon: male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit an elevated prevalence of sexual function disorders compared with the general population. Despite this recognition, the precise nature and extent of this association remain incompletely understood.

Objectives: This comprehensive review aims to clarify the link by providing an overview of the fundamental components of normal male sexual function, delving into the pathogenesis of male SD and exploring the primary factors predisposing male SLE patients to SD.

Simple, fast, cost-efficient, reliable, and highly automated DNA content analysis of cells in adherent cultures.

The most commonly used flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of cellular DNA content relies on ethanol fixation followed by RNA digestion and propidium iodide (PI) intercalation into double-stranded DNA. This is a laborious and time-consuming procedure that is subject to systematic errors due to centrifugation and washing steps associated with sample preparation. It can adversely affect the reliability of the results.

Aorto-left atrial fistula secondary to aortic infective endocarditis in a dog with a bicuspid aortic valve.

An 11-year-old male neutered American bulldog was presented for evaluation of thrombocytopenia, acute onset of ataxia, and vomiting. A new murmur was auscultated on physical examination. Transthoracic echocardiographic examination revealed a bicuspid aortic valve, vegetative lesions on the aortic valve, and continuous shunting from the aortic root to the left atrium through an aorta to left atrial fistula.