Every bite counts to achieve oral health: a scoping review on diet and oral health preventive practices.

Objective: To examine the landscape of preventive strategies and interventions directed to achieve oral health equity, with particular emphasis on the interplay between dental caries prevention, individual behaviors, and population-level strategies across various demographic and geographic regions.

Methods: This scoping review was guided by Peters et al.'s framework, which incorporates four key concepts aimed at reducing caries: education for individuals and healthcare providers, behavioral modifications, addressing broader social determinants of health, and extending oral health education programs beyond traditional dental settings.

Use of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Risk Prediction Model Development to Support Cancer Care Delivery: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: The integration of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into electronic health records (EHRs) has enabled systematic collection of symptom data to manage post-treatment symptoms. The use and integration of PRO data into routine care are associated with overall treatment success, adherence, and satisfaction. Clinical trials have demonstrated the prognostic value of PROs including physical function and global health status in predicting survival.

Access to Care and Outcomes With the Affordable Care Act for Persons With Criminal Legal Involvement: A Scoping Review.

Importance: By expanding health insurance to millions of people in the US, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) may have important health, economic, and social welfare implications for people with criminal legal involvement-a population with disproportionately high morbidity and mortality rates.

Objective: To scope the literature for studies assessing the association of any provision of the ACA with 5 types of outcomes, including insurance coverage rates, access to care, health outcomes, costs of care, and social welfare outcomes among people with criminal legal involvement.

Evidence Review: The literature search included results from PubMed, CINAHL Complete, APA Psycinfo, Embase, Social Science Database, and Web of Science and was conducted to include articles from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2023.

Navigating the Labyrinth of Pregnancy-Related Coverage for Undocumented Immigrants: An Assessment of Current State and Federal Policies.

Insurance coverage for prenatal care, labor and delivery care, and postpartum care for undocumented immigrants consists of a patchwork of state and federal policies, which varies widely by state. According to federal law, states must provide coverage for labor and delivery through Emergency Medicaid. Various states have additional prenatal and postpartum coverage for undocumented immigrants through policy mechanisms such as the Children's Health Insurance Program's "unborn child" option, expansion of Medicaid, and independent state-level mechanisms.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Sign Algorithms to Identify Sepsis in Young Infants Aged 0 to 59 Days: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Accurate identification of possible sepsis in young infants is needed to effectively manage and reduce sepsis-related morbidity and mortality.

Objective: Synthesize evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of clinical sign algorithms to identify young infants (aged 0-59 days) with suspected sepsis.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, and Cochrane CENTRAL Registry of Trials.

Efficacy of Antibiotic Regimens for Meningitis in Young Infants Aged 0-59 Days: A Systematic Review.

Context: Meningitis is associated with high mortality risk in young infants, yet the optimal treatment regimen is unclear.

Objectives: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic regimens to treat meningitis in young infants aged 0 to 59 days on critical clinical outcomes.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, WHO Global Index Medicus, and Cochrane Central Registry of Trials.

Efficacy of Antibiotic Regimens for Pneumonia in Young Infants Aged 0-59 Days: A Systematic Review.

Context: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in young infants.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of different antibiotic regimens to treat young infant pneumonia on critical clinical outcomes.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, World Health Organization (WHO) Global Index Medicus, Cochrane Central Registry of Trials.

Predictive Accuracy of Infant Clinical Sign Algorithms for Mortality in Young Infants Aged 0 to 59 Days: A Systematic Review.

Context: Clinical sign algorithms are a key strategy to identify young infants at risk of mortality.

Objective: Synthesize the evidence on the accuracy of clinical sign algorithms to predict all-cause mortality in young infants 0-59 days.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, and Cochrane CENTRAL Registry of Trials.

Efficacy of Antibiotic Regimens for Sepsis or Possible Serious Bacterial Infection in Young Infants Aged 0 to 59 Days: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Sepsis is a leading cause of young infant mortality.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different antibiotic regimens to treat young infant sepsis or possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) on clinical outcomes.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, Cochrane Central Registry of Trials.

COVID-19 vaccination strategies in Africa: A scoping review of the use of mathematical models to inform policy.

Objective: Mathematical models are vital tools to understand transmission dynamics and assess the impact of interventions to mitigate COVID-19. However, historically, their use in Africa has been limited. In this scoping review, we assess how mathematical models were used to study COVID-19 vaccination to potentially inform pandemic planning and response in Africa.

Pregnancy Care Utilization, Experiences, and Outcomes Among Undocumented Immigrants in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Background: Undocumented immigrants face many barriers in accessing pregnancy care, including language differences, implicit and explicit bias, limited or no insurance coverage, and fear about accessing services. With the national spotlight on maternal health inequities, the current literature on undocumented immigrants during pregnancy requires synthesis.

Objective: We aimed to describe the literature on pregnancy care utilization, experiences, and outcomes of undocumented individuals in the United States.

Anti-racism curricula in undergraduate medical education: A scoping review.

Purpose: Medical educators have increasingly focused on the systemic effects of racism on health inequities in the United States (U.S.) and globally.

Communications for US Populations With Limited English Proficiency During Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Scoping Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for research about communicating with populations who have limited English proficiency in the United States during infectious disease outbreaks. These populations have experienced significantly worse health outcomes during emergencies, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and evidence-based risk communications are critical to protecting their health. To support improved development of emergency communications for these communities, we conducted a scoping review that examined the extent of research available, with an intent to identify which communications topics are covered in the literature and where research gaps exist.

Communication Preferences During Pregnancy Care Among Patients With Primary Spanish Language: A Scoping Review.

Background: Qualified language service providers (QLSPs)-professional interpreters or multilingual clinicians certified to provide care in another language-are critical to ensuring meaningful language access for patients. Designing patient-centered systems for language access could improve quality of pregnancy care.

Objective: We synthesized and identified gaps in knowledge about communication preferences during pregnancy care among patients with Spanish primary language.

Stroke scan agnosia - What radiologists may not see.

Objective: Neuroimaging helps neurologists make accurate diagnoses. We used a multidisciplinary review system to search for perceptual discrepancies in stroke lesions. We sought to identify recurrent pitfalls in the detection of neuroimaging stroke lesions.

The value of neuroimaging team meetings for patients in a district general hospital.

Neuroradiologists provide quality-assured neuroimaging -reports. We developed the use of a neuroimaging team meeting to provide second-opinion reporting by neuroradiologists on neuroimaging that had previously been reported by general -radiologists. Neuroimaging from selected patients was reviewed at the meeting.

High-Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Blocks Compulsive-Like Re-Escalation of Heroin Taking in Rats.

Opioid addiction, including addiction to heroin, has markedly increased in the past decade. The cost and pervasiveness of heroin addiction, including resistance to recovery from addiction, provide a compelling basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Deep brain stimulation may represent a viable alternative strategy for the treatment of intractable heroin addiction, particularly in individuals who are resistant to traditional therapies.

Stroke Laterality Bias in the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Little is known of the impact of stroke laterality on the management process and outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to a general hospital over 1 year with supratentorial AIS were eligible for inclusion in the study. Baseline characteristics and risk factors, delays in hospital admission, imaging, intrahospital transfer to an acute stoke unit, stroke severity and classification, length of hospital admission, as well as 10-year mortality were measured and compared among right and left hemisphere AIS patients.

Primary care perceptions of neurology and neurology services.

Background: Neurophobia (fear of neural sciences) and evaluation of independent sector contracts in neurology have seldom been examined among general practitioners (GPs).

Methods: A questionnaire determined GPs' perceptions of neurology compared with other medical specialties. GP experiences of neurology services with independent sector companies and the local National Health Service (NHS) were compared.

The Self-administration of Analgesic Drugs in Experimentally Induced Chronic Pain.

Systemically and centrally delivered opioids have been comprehensively studied for their effects both in analgesic and addiction models for many decades, primarily in subjects with presumptive normal sensory thresholds. The introduction of disease-based models of persistent hypersensitivity enabled chronic evaluation of opioid analgesic pharmacology under the specific state of chronic pain. These studies have largely (but not uniformly) reported reduced opioid analgesic potency and efficacy under conditions of chronic pain.

Compulsive-like responding for opioid analgesics in rats with extended access.

The abuse of prescription opioids that are used for the treatment of chronic pain is a major public health concern, costing ∼$53.4 billion annually in lost wages, health-care costs, and criminal costs. Although opioids remain a first-line therapy for the treatment of severe chronic pain, practitioners remain cautious because of the potential for abuse and addiction.