Effective Use of ALK Inhibitors in EML4::ALK-Positive Lymphatic Malformations.

Genetically targeted medications are emerging as important therapies for lymphatic malformations (LMs) unresponsive to sirolimus. We describe two patients with EML4::ALK-positive LMs, one with Gorham Stout disease and one with a large genitourinary (GU) LM, who were successfully treated with ALK inhibitors. This report adds ALK inhibitors to the growing toolbox of molecularly targeted therapies for LMs.

Sphenopalatine Ganglion Nerve Block for the Treatment of Migraine Headaches in the Pediatric Population.

Background: Persistent headaches and migraines are common in pediatrics with various treatment options. The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) has been identified as communicating with the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system and pain receptors. In adults, SPG block is an established treatment but there is no published literature in pediatrics.

Evidence-Based Strategies and Recommendations for Preservation of Central Venous Access in Children.

Children with chronic illness often require prolonged or repeated venous access. They remain at high risk for venous catheter-related complications (high-risk patients), which largely derive from elective decisions during catheter insertion and continuing care. These complications result in progressive loss of the venous capital (patent and compliant venous pathways) necessary for delivery of life-preserving therapies.

A comprehensive institutional overview of intrathecal nusinersen injections for spinal muscular atrophy.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal-recessive neuromuscular disorder resulting in progressive muscle weakness. In December 2016, the U.S.

Safety and effectiveness of percutaneous cholecystostomy in critically ill children who are immune compromised.

Background: Acalculous cholecystitis is known to develop in critically ill patients without cystic duct obstruction. In the past, treatment for acalculous cholecystitis has been cholecystectomy; however, many children who are critically ill are Percutaneous cholecystostomy is likely the procedure of choice in this subgroup of patients.

Objective: To assess the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous cholecystostomy in critically ill and immune-compromised children with acalculous cholecystitis.

Greater saphenous venous access as an alternative in children.

Background: In the pediatric population, obtaining venous access in high-risk neonates, severely ill children with cardiac anomalies or very young children (<10 kg) can be very challenging. In the literature to date, the greater saphenous vein has not been primarily used by interventional radiologists as an entry site for venous access in children.

Objective: To demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of using the greater saphenous vein as a venous access site for the placement of peripherally inserted central catheters in children.

Epinephrine auto-injectors: is needle length adequate for delivery of epinephrine intramuscularly?

Objective: Studies show that intramuscular epinephrine results in peak plasma concentrations of epinephrine faster than the subcutaneous route, and therefore, epinephrine is recommended to be administered intramuscularly. The objective of this study was to determine if the needle length on epinephrine auto-injectors is adequate to deliver epinephrine intramuscularly in children.

Methods: Patients between the ages of 1 and 12 years who presented to a children's hospital were enrolled in the study.