Publications by authors named "Carrie Rishel"

The majority of children with traumatic experiences who seek treatment have had multiple traumatic experiences resulting in complex trauma. Complex trauma is associated with multiple adverse outcomes for children and caregivers. Treating complex trauma has the potential to significantly improve child mental and physical health, caregiver mental health, and reduce family conflict.

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Purpose: The prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and their link to negative behavioral and health outcomes is well documented, but very few studies have empirically examined the effect of ACEs on intervention outcomes. There is also emerging evidence of gender differences in vulnerability to developing traumatic symptoms, which relates to intervention outcomes. The current study examined the effects of ACEs and gender on trauma-informed intervention outcomes in a community-based clinical setting.

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Ongoing trauma-focused assessment is critical to developing trauma-informed treatment plans. The current study examines the clinical benefits of utilizing the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) assessment to guide intervention based on the Attachment, Self-Regulation, and Competency (ARC) model to address children's trauma related symptoms in a rural state. WV CANS was developed by adapting the language of original CANS to be culturally specific to the state's unique situation and culture in consultation with the original CANS developer.

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Social work education plays a critical role in preparing social workers to lead efforts that improve health. Because of the dynamic health care landscape, schools of social work must educate students to facilitate health care system improvements, enhance population health, and reduce medical costs. We reviewed the existing contributions of social work education and provided recommendations for improving the education of social workers in 6 key areas: aging, behavioral health, community health, global health, health reform, and health policy.

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•Many parents use multiple monitoring strategies in different combinations over time to monitor their adolescents.•Adolescents of parents who use multiple strategies reported greater risk involvement.•Parents who solicited information only from adolescents had greater knowledge and adolescent disclosure.

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In this study, we examined how adolescents compare monitoring efforts by their parents to those of a "good parent" standard and assessed the impact of these comparisons on adolescent self-disclosure and risk behavior and their perceptions of their parents' monitoring knowledge. Survey responses from 519 adolescents (12-17 years) at baseline of a larger, longitudinal study examining parental monitoring and adolescent risk were examined. Adolescents' "good parent comparisons" differed greatly by monitoring areas (e.

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Survey data collected from 518 parent-adolescent dyads were used to examine the psychometric properties of the NonParental Adult Inventory (NPAI). Test-retest reliability, internal reliability, and factor structure were examined. Reliability analyses indicate adequate to good test-retest reliability and internal consistency.

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Maternal depression is one of the most well-documented risk factors for child and adolescent depression, but little work has focused on how to reduce this risk. Although a few interventions have been developed and tested, implementing targeted prevention efforts with depressed mothers and their children is not common practice. The increased risk of depression for children of depressed mothers is so clear, however, professionals can no longer "sit on the sidelines" without initiating specific prevention efforts with this population.

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The mental health of mothers and children are closely linked. This study examined the relationship between child and maternal symptom change during a period in which children participated in community mental health treatment. Symptom change was measured using the Child Behavior Checklist for children and the Beck Depression Inventory for Mothers.

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A substantial number of children in the United States suffer from mental health problems. These children enter into adulthood at a disadvantage and often continue to experience mental health problems as adults. Historically, much less attention has been paid to prevention of mental health problems than to treatment and rehabilitative services.

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Objective: Many mothers bringing children for community mental health treatment need mental health services themselves. Moreover, children of mothers with mental health problems enter treatment with more severe symptomatology than do other children. However, little is known about how maternal mental health problems affect children's response to treatment.

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This study examined the effect of maternal depression and anxiety on child treatment outcome. Psychiatric assessments were conducted on 180 mother-child pairs when the child entered treatment in a community mental health center and six months later. Children whose mothers were depressed or anxious were significantly more impaired than children of mentally healthy mothers at both time points.

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