No correlation found between palpation and ultrasound for evaluation of effusion in the medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joint compartments of horses.

Objective: To compare palpation and ultrasound scores of effusion of the medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joints of horses.

Animals: 40 horses (80 stifles) were evaluated over a 12-week period.

Methods: Horses > 1 year of age without history of stifle disease were enrolled from September to December 2022.

Use of equine cadaver limb models to enhance veterinary student self-efficacy during arthrocentesis.

Objective: To determine if equine cadavers modified with joint distension would yield higher fluid volumes, require fewer needle redirects, and improve student self-efficacy.

Sample: 19 third-year veterinary students.

Methods: Voluntary participation was sought during 4 sessions of an equine arthrocentesis and diagnostic analgesia laboratory.

Beta defensins as biomarkers: detectable in LPS-stimulated equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and normal, aseptic, and probable septic equine synovial fluid.

Objectives: Diagnosis of equine septic arthritis is not straightforward, and increasing time between onset, diagnosis, and treatment can have serious consequences for quality of life. Defensins are used in diagnosis of human joint infection. The presence of beta defensins (BDs) in equine synovial fluid and their utility as a biomarker of sepsis has not been investigated; therefore, our objectives were to (1) compare in vitro gene expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated equine neutrophils to unstimulated neutrophils and (2) compare BD protein expression from normal, aseptically inflamed, and septic equine joints.

Efficacy of a commercial dry sleeve cryotherapy system for cooling the equine metacarpus.

Objective: To determine the ability of a commercial cryotherapy system (Game Ready Equine) to cool the metacarpal subcutaneous tissue and the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in horses.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Animals Or Sample Population: Six healthy adult horses.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in equine orthopaedics.

Orthopaedic disorders are commonly encountered in equine veterinary medicine, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play an important role in the management of many equine orthopaedic disorders. There are multiple NSAIDs available for use in horses, including both non-selective and selective NSAIDS, and the body of literature evaluating the efficacy of these medications, their effects on normal and inflamed musculoskeletal tissues, and their side effects is broad. This review aims to summarise the current literature on the use of NSAIDs for equine orthopaedic disorders and examines new and future avenues for the management of inflammation in equine orthopaedics.

Radiographic localization of the attachments of soft tissue structures in the tarsal region of horses.

Objective: To identify radiographic locations of soft tissue attachments in the tarsal region of horses and describe any variability in the gross anatomy of those attachments.

Sample: 15 cadaveric limbs from 8 adult horses.

Procedures: 8 limbs were used for dissection and radiography of soft tissue structures, with metallic markers used to identify radiographic locations of soft tissue attachments.

Use of perioperative variables to determine the requirement for repeat celiotomy in horses with postoperative reflux after small intestinal surgery.

Objective: To determine whether perioperative variables can be used to differentiate a medical vs a surgical reason for postoperative reflux (POR) after small intestinal (SI) surgery in horses.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Sample Population: Horses >1 year of age that recovered from SI surgery and had POR.

Urethrotomy in combination with or after temporary tube cystostomy for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in male goats.

Objective: To report the clinical findings, outcome, and complications associated with urethrotomy performed in combination with or after temporary tube cystostomy for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in male goats.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Sample Population: Castrated male goats (n = 15).

Use of locking compression plates in ulnar fractures of 18 horses.

Objectives: To describe the outcome, clinical findings, and complications associated with the use of the locking compression plate (LCP) for various types of ulnar fractures in horses.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Sample Population: Client owned horses (n = 18).

Duration of in vivo endotoxin tolerance in horses.

Endotoxemia models are used to study mechanisms and treatments of early sepsis. Repeated endotoxin exposures induce periods of endotoxin tolerance, characterized by diminished proinflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and modulated production of proinflammatory cytokines. Repeated measure designs using equine endotoxemia models are rarely performed, despite the advantages associated with reduced variability, because the altered responsiveness would confound study results and because the duration of equine endotoxin tolerance is unknown.

Pertussis resurgence: diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and beyond.

The introduction of routine vaccination against Bordetella pertussis more than a half century ago led to a drastic decline in the number of reported cases of pertussis. It was originally believed that lifelong immunity was afforded after vaccination. Unfortunately, this belief is flawed, as the highest number of pertussis cases since 1959 was reported in 2004.