Effect of glyceryl trinitrate and clevidipine administration on CT angiogram findings in dogs undergoing prostatic artery embolization for prostatic carcinoma.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vasodilator administration on CT angiography (CTA) prostatic artery diameter and peak opacification in dogs with prostatic carcinoma prior to prostatic artery embolization (PAE).

Materials And Methods: A prospective clinical trial was performed. Ten dogs with naturally occurring prostatic carcinoma and no evidence of cardiovascular disease were enrolled.

Case report: Chylopericardium secondary to dialysis catheter related jugular venous thrombosis in two dogs receiving long-term hemodialysis.

Chylopericardium is a rare entity in veterinary medicine. In this report we document the development of chylopericardium in two dogs undergoing chronic hemodialysis. An 11-year-old female spayed Labrador retriever (Case 1) presented with acute coughing and lethargy 2 months following initial dialysis catheter placement and initiation of dialysis therapy for severe azotemia.

Bilateral external jugular vein anomalies preventing hemodialysis catheter placement in a cat with anuria secondary to species intoxication.

Case Series Summary: A 2-year-old female spayed Abyssinian cat was evaluated for lethargy and inappetence that first occurred approximately 4 days prior. In addition, urination had not been observed by the owner for 5 days. A species plant had been brought into the house approximately 5 days before initial evaluation, and intoxication was therefore suspected.

A 20-year scoping review of the veterinary interventional radiology and interventional endoscopy literature (2000-2019).

Background: Interventional radiology (IR) and interventional endoscopy (IE) have broad potential for minimally invasive therapy in veterinary patients, but the scope of original peer-reviewed veterinary IR/IE research publications has not been described.

Objectives: Catalogue published applications and indications for noncardiac therapeutic IR/IE in animals and describe type and quality of veterinary IR/IE research over 20 years.

Methods: Highly-cited veterinary journals were searched to identify articles published 2000 to 2019 involving therapeutic IR/IE applications for clinical veterinary patients.

Ultrafiltration during intermittent hemodialysis in dogs with acute kidney injury.

Background: Ultrafiltration is performed to alleviate fluid overload in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing intermittent hemodialysis (IHD).

Objectives: To describe prescription patterns for ultrafiltration in dogs receiving IHD for AKI and risk factors for ultrafiltration-related complications.

Animals: Seventy-seven dogs undergoing 144 IHD treatments between 2009 and 2019.

Effect of standard-dose and high-dose pimobendan on select indices of renal and cardiac function in dogs with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stage B2 myxomatous mitral valve disease.

Background: Pimobendan might have favorable effects on renal function but this has not been well-studied in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).

Objectives: Determine the effects of standard-dose (SD_pimo) and high-dose pimobendan (HD_pimo) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cardiac size and function in dogs with preclinical MMVD.

Animals: Thirty nonazotemic dogs with stage B2 MMVD.

MRI characteristics of canine prostatic neoplasia.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to evaluate dogs with suspected prostatic neoplasia, however, published studies describing MRI characteristics of canine prostatic neoplasia are currently lacking. The aims of the current retrospective case series study were to describe MRI findings of the pelvic region in dogs with a histopathologic or cytologic diagnosis of prostatic neoplasia. Retrospective analysis of these images was then performed by a board-certified veterinary radiologist for shared imaging characteristics.

Diagnosis, management, and outcome of urethral obstruction secondary to the capsule associated with the artificial urethral sphincter device.

Background: Urethral obstruction secondary to artificial urethral sphincter (AUS) implantation is a recognized complication in dogs. However, urethral obstruction secondary to AUS-associated capsule formation has been described rarely.

Hypothesis: Describe clinical and diagnostic findings, management, and outcome in 6 dogs with urethral obstruction secondary to AUS-associated capsule formation.

Untargeted Metabolomics Identify a Panel of Urinary Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder, as Compared to Urolithiasis with or without Urinary Tract Infection in Dogs.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC), the most common urologic cancer in dogs, is often diagnosed late because the clinical signs are shared by other non-malignant lower urinary tract disorders (LUTD). The urine-based BRAFV595E test for UC is highly effective only in certain breeds; hence additional non-invasive biomarkers of UC are needed. Here, urine from dogs with UC (n = 27), urolithiasis (n = 8), or urolithiasis with urinary tract infection (UTI) (n = 8) were subjected to untargeted metabolomics analyses, using GC-TOF-MS for primary metabolites, QTOF-MS for complex lipids, and HILIC-QTOF MS for secondary and charged metabolites.

Stenting of Malignant Urinary Tract Obstructions in Humans and Companion Animals.

Urine retention secondary to neoplastic obstructions of the upper and lower urinary tracts is a life-threatening condition in both humans and companion animals. Stents can be placed to temporarily or permanently open obstructed urinary tract lumens and are often able to be placed using minimally invasive techniques with guidance via ultrasonography or fluoroscopy. The literature for these techniques is vast for humans and growing for companion animals.

Outcome of dogs with bone marrow suppression secondary to Sertoli cell tumour.

Sertoli cell tumours are one of the most common canine testicular neoplasia. These tumours are significantly more likely to arise in cryptorchid dogs and are often functional, oestrogen-secreting tumours which can lead to fatal myelotoxicity. The goal of this study was to describe the outcome of dogs with oestrogen-induced bone marrow suppression secondary to Sertoli cell tumours in seven client-owned dogs.

Association of ultrasonographic features with histologic findings in 71 dogs with protein-losing nephropathy (2008-2018).

Objective: To determine whether ultrasonographic features in dogs with protein-losing nephropathy (PLN) were associated with renal biopsy findings and compare corticomedullary ratios between dogs with PLN versus non-renal disease.

Animals: 71 dogs with PLN and 33 dogs without renal disease.

Procedures: Medical records and archived ultrasonographic images for dogs with PLN that underwent renal biopsy between 2008 and 2018 were reviewed.

Suspected contrast-induced nephropathy in three sequential patients undergoing computed tomography angiography and transarterial embolization for nonresectable neoplasia.

Case Description: During the same week, 3 sequential patients (a 10-year-old 8.7-kg spayed female poodle cross [dog 1], 13-year-old 2.6-kg spayed female domestic longhair cat, and 13-year-old 9.

Use of percutaneous microwave ablation in the treatment of retroperitoneal neoplasia in three dogs.

Case Description: 3 dogs with retroperitoneal masses (2 renal and 1 located near the diaphragm) were treated by percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA).

Clinical Findings: Dogs between 11 and 13 years of age weighing between 13.7 and 43.

Procedural description and prospective evaluation of short-term outcome for the use of prostatic artery embolization in dogs with carcinoma of the prostate.

Objective: To describe the procedure of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in dogs with prostatic carcinoma and to evaluate the short-term outcome for treated dogs.

Animals: 20 client-owned dogs with prostatic carcinomas between May 2014 and July 2017.

Procedures: In this prospective cohort study, dogs with carcinoma of the prostate underwent PAE with fluoroscopic guidance.

Treatment of a Congenital Imperforate Vestibulovaginal Junction and Secondary Hydrocolpos With Endoscopic Laser Ablation in Two Dogs.

Two dogs were evaluated for clinical signs including dysuria, stranguria, and/or dyschezia. Physical examination findings were consistent with a caudal abdominal and intra-pelvic mass. Imaging with abdominal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a tubular fluid-filled structure.

Retrospective Evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury After Zoledronic Acid Administration to Dogs With Malignant Osteolysis.

Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is an intravenous bisphosphonate indicated for the use of hypercalcemia of malignancy and management of bony metastases. Its therapeutic effect lies in the targeting of malignant osteoclasts; however, administration can be associated with renal toxicity. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) following ZOL administration in a cohort of cancer-bearing dogs.

NEOURETEROCYSTOSTOMY AND URETHRAL STENT PLACEMENT IN A BLACK-HANDED SPIDER MONKEY ().

A 27-y-old female black-handed spider monkey () was evaluated 13 d after an ovariohysterectomy because of abdominal distension, anorexia, and absent urination. The animal was diagnosed with a uroabdomen and urethral obstruction from computed tomographic findings and fluid creatinine levels. During exploratory laparotomy, a defect in the right ureter was confirmed as the source of the uroabdomen.

Urolithiasis in dogs: Evaluation of trends in urolith composition and risk factors (2006-2018).

Background: Urolithiasis is a common and often recurrent problem in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate trends in urolith composition in dogs and to assess risk factors for urolithiasis, including age, breed, sex, neuter status, urolith location, and bacterial urolith cultures.

Sample Population: A total of 10 444 uroliths and the dogs from which they were obtained.

Urolithiasis in cats: Evaluation of trends in urolith composition and risk factors (2005-2018).

Background: Urolithiasis is an important upper and lower urinary tract disease in cats that results in morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To describe trends in composition of uroliths in cats and evaluate risk factors related to age, breed, sex, urolith location, and bacterial urolith cultures.

Sample Population: A total of 3940 uroliths and the cats from which they were obtained.

Removal and repositioning of urinary tract implants by use of an endovascular snare system in dogs and cats (2013-2019).

Objective: To report the fluoroscopic removal or repositioning of urinary tract implants in dogs and cats by use of an endovascular snare system (ESS) and to report procedural usefulness and complications in dogs and cats.

Animals: 3 cats and 14 dogs.

Procedures: A medical records review was performed to identify dogs and cats that underwent removal or repositioning of urinary tract foreign bodies or implants by use of an ESS with fluoroscopic guidance at a veterinary teaching hospital from 2013 to 2019.

Surgical treatment of retroiliac ectopic ureters with secondary hydronephrosis and hydroureter in a dog.

Case Description: An 8-month-old 41.2-kg (90.6-lb) sexually intact male Dogue de Bordeaux with urinary incontinence and signs of nausea was referred for further evaluation and treatment of bilateral hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and ectopic ureters.

Risk factors associated with progressive increases in serum creatinine concentrations in cats with cancer receiving doxorubicin.

Background: Azotemia occurs in cats administered doxorubicin, but risk factors have not been explored.

Objective: To determine incidence of progressive increases in serum creatinine concentration in cats with cancer receiving doxorubicin in single or multiagent chemotherapy protocols and associated risk factors.

Animals: Seventy cats with cancer receiving doxorubicin.

Application of therapeutic plasma exchange in dogs with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an emerging treatment for dogs with immune-mediated diseases, but reports for treatment of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) are lacking. These case reports illustrate the application of centrifugal TPE in 4 dogs with IMT. All dogs presented with severe hemorrhage requiring ≥1 blood transfusions, were unresponsive to conventional treatment or both.

Lower urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma in cats: Clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes in 118 cases.

Background: Lower urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is an important but rarely described disease of cats.

Objectives: To report the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes in a cohort of cats with lower urinary tract TCC and to test identified variables for prognostic relevance.

Animals: One-hundred eighteen client-owned cats with lower urinary tract carcinoma.