Increasing Social Media Use in Urology: 2017 American Urological Association Survey.

The use of social media is growing rapidly in health care. The purpose of this study was to provide updated data on utilization of social media in urology. A survey was emailed to 19 840 American Urological Association (AUA) members in September 2017, and responses were compared to our previous survey in 2013.

Effect of the American Urological Association Annual Review course on the results of the urology qualifying examination.

Purpose: In this study we assess the impact of a urology dedicated review course on the scores of the corresponding board qualifying examination for attendees of the urology review course.

Materials And Methods: The ABU (American Board of Urology) Qualifying Examination scores from 2009, 2010 and 2011 were categorized into group 1 candidates who attended the AUA (American Urological Association) Annual Review Course the same year, and group 2 candidates who did not attend the AUA Annual Review Course that same year, and were compared. The scores of the preceding year's In-Service Examination were also compared for the same groups of candidates and compared to their subsequent first time taken Qualifying Examination scores.

Potent dihydroquinolinone dopamine D2 partial agonist/serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia.

A dihydroquinolinone moiety was found to be a potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor pharmacophore when combined with certain amines. This fragment was coupled with selected D(2) ligands to prepare a series of dual acting compounds with attractive in vitro profiles as dopamine D(2) partial agonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Structure-activity studies revealed that the linker plays a key role in contributing to D(2) affinity, function, and SRI activity.

Tetrahydrocarbazole-based serotonin reuptake inhibitor/dopamine D2 partial agonists for the potential treatment of schizophrenia.

A 5-fluoro-tetrahydrocarbazole serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) building block was combined with a variety of linkers and dopamine D2 receptor ligands in an attempt to identify potent D2 partial agonist/SRI molecules for treatment of schizophrenia. This approach has the potential to treat a broader range of symptoms compared to existing therapies. Selected compounds in this series demonstrate high affinity for both targets and D2 partial agonism in cell-based and in vivo assays.

Perceptions and competence in evidence-based medicine: a survey of the American Urological Association Membership.

Purpose: We investigated the attitudes and opinions of urologists toward evidence-based medicine to help guide future efforts of the American Urological Association and other organizations vested in the education and training of urologists.

Materials And Methods: From August to November 2006 we performed a mail survey of a random sample of 2,000 members of the American Urological Association. Questions in the survey addressed the role of evidence-based medicine in urology, participants' self-assessed understanding of evidence-based medicine related terminology, their familiarity with and use of web based evidence-based medicine resources, as well as their evidence-based medicine competence based on their understanding of core concepts such as randomization and blinding.

Development of a scintillation proximity assay binding method for the human 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 receptor using intact cells.

We describe the first validated scintillation proximity assay (SPA) binding method for quantitation of (3)H-labeled d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) binding to recombinant human 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 (5-HT(6)) receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-Dukx and HeLa cells. The assay was developed using intact cells as a receptor source because membrane fractions derived from these cells failed to discern specific binding from a high level of nonspecific binding. The pharmacological binding profile of seven 5-HT(6) agonists and antagonists using intact CHO-Dukx/5-HT(6) cells in the SPA format was similar to data obtained from a filtration binding assay using HeLa/5-HT(6) membranes.

Rheological properties of veneer trial pastes relevant to clinical success.

Introduction: The porcelain veneer is a relatively conservative means of improving the appearance of teeth. As these restorations are usually highly visible it is essential to gain the approval of the patient before final cementation takes place. As a result a variety of trial pastes are available that match the shades of the resins that are used ultimately to finally cement the veneer in place.

Surface detail reproduction of elastomeric impression materials related to rheological properties.

Objectives: The purpose of this work was to discern, for elastomeric impression materials, the important rheological properties and importance of hydrophilicity for detail reproduction.

Methods: Viscosity, modulus and tan delta were measured using a controlled-stress rheometer in cone/plate configuration. The flow of the materials, immediately after mixing and at the manufacturer's stated working time, was measured using a shark fin test and the interaction with moist surfaces was determined by taking impressions from two different sized grooves in moist gypsum casts.

A method for producing controlled fluoride release from an orthodontic bracket.

The aim of this study was to manufacture and test, in vitro, a novel modification to provide fluoride-releasing orthodontic brackets. Thirty-two orthodontic brackets were drilled to produce a recess (approximately 1.3 mm in diameter and 0.

Effects of temperature on the fluoride release and recharging ability of glass ionomers.

This study investigated the effects of environmental temperature on the fluoride release and recharging ability of glass ionomers. Five disk specimens (15 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick) were made of each of the following materials: a conventional luting glass ionomer, two high viscosity restorative glass ionomers and a restorative resin-modified glass ionomer. The fluoride release of each material was measured at 4 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 55 degrees C.

Comprehensive analysis of the gene encoding filaggrin uncovers prevalent and rare mutations in ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic eczema.

We recently reported two common filaggrin (FLG) null mutations that cause ichthyosis vulgaris and predispose to eczema and secondary allergic diseases. We show here that these common European mutations are ancestral variants carried on conserved haplotypes. To facilitate comprehensive analysis of other populations, we report a strategy for full sequencing of this large, highly repetitive gene, and we describe 15 variants, including seven that are prevalent.

Dentin decontamination using chloramine T prior to experiments involving bacteria.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the importance of ISO11405 recommended storage regime for extracted teeth in surface disinfectant chloramine T (chlT) prior to use in biofilm or in vitro caries studies involving microorganisms. ChlT may be absorbed into dentin and undergoes breakdown with organic material.

Methods: Extracted roots were stored in chlT (2 days), rinsed and transferred to distilled deionised water.

Response to thermal stimuli of glass ionomer cements.

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the dimensional changes of glass ionomers caused by thermal stimuli under both dry and wet conditions.

Methods: Eight cylindrical specimens (6 mm x 4 mm) were made (using a stainless steel mold) of each of the following materials: a conventional luting glass ionomer, two high viscosity restorative glass ionomers, a resin-modified glass ionomer and a resin composite which was used as a control. The thermal expansion characteristics were determined by a thermal mechanical analyzer (TMA) under wet and dry conditions by heating the samples from 25 to 70 degrees C at 10 degrees C min (-1).

Recording surface detail on moist surfaces with elastomeric impression materials.

The objective was to assess the ability to accurately record detail on moist surfaces for three elastomeric impression materials derived from different polymers. One polyvinylsiloxane, one polyether and one hybrid material containing a copolymer of siloxane and polyether polymers were used. Impressions were recorded of moist gypsum casts having both a shallow (approximately 20 microm) and deep (approximately 180 microm) groove reproduced on their surface.

Synthesis and biological activities of aryl-ether-, biaryl-, and fluorene-aspartic acid and diaminopropionic acid analogs as potent inhibitors of the high-affinity glutamate transporter EAAT-2.

Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) play a pivotal role in maintaining glutamate homeostasis in the mammalian central nervous system, with the EAAT-2 subtype thought to be responsible for the bulk of the glutamate uptake in forebrain regions. A complete elucidation of the functional role of EAAT-2 has been hampered by the lack of potent and selective pharmacological tools. In this study, we describe the synthesis and biological activities of novel aryl-ether, biaryl-, and fluorene-aspartic acid and diaminopropionic acid analogs as potent inhibitors of EAAT-2.

Fluoride release and neutralizing effect by resin-based materials.

This study evaluated the fluoride-releasing and neutralizing abilities of resin-based materials containing fluoride in water and aqueous lactic acid. Two composites, containing a low-solubility fluoride component (Heliomolar) and a fluoroalumino-silicate glass (UniFil S), and two giomers, containing surface reaction type prereacted glass-ionomer filler (Beautifil) and full reaction type glass-ionomer filler (Reactmer paste), were used. Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Fuji II LC) was used as a control.

Characterization of novel aryl-ether, biaryl, and fluorene aspartic acid and diaminopropionic acid analogs as potent inhibitors of the high-affinity glutamate transporter EAAT2.

In this study, we describe the pharmacological characterization of novel aryl-ether, biaryl, and fluorene aspartic acid and diaminopropionic acid analogs as potent inhibitors of EAAT2, the predominant glutamate transporter in forebrain regions. The rank order of potency determined for the inhibition of human EAAT2 was N(4)-[4-(2-bromo-4,5-difluorophenoxy)phenyl]-L-asparagine (WAY-213613) (IC(50) = 85 +/- 5 nM) > N(4)-(2'-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-L-asparagine (WAY-213394) (IC(50) = 145 +/- 22 nM) = N(4)-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl]-L-asparagine (WAY-212922) (IC(50) = 157 +/- 11 nM) = 3-{[(4'-chloro-2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}-L-alanine (WAY-211686) (IC(50) = 190 +/- 10 nM). WAY-213613 was the most selective of the compounds examined, with IC(50) values for inhibition of EAAT1 and EAAT3 of 5 and 3.

Fluoride release from aged resin composites containing fluoridated glass filler.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride release from aged resin composites containing different types of fluoridated glass filler into both deionized distilled water and lactic acid solution.

Methods: Three resin composites, UniFil S (containing fluoro-alumino-silicate glass filler), Reactmer (containing pre-reacted glass-ionomer filler) and Beautifil (containing both types of fillers) were used. A conventional glass-ionomer cement, Ketac-Fil, was used as a control.

Effect of the applied load on surface contact fatigue of dental filling materials.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the applied load in a rolling-ball device on the surface contact fatigue of two dental filling materials: a microfilled composite (FA) and a glass ionomer (GFII).

Methods: Disk specimens 10 mm diameter by 1.5 mm thick were set into cavities cut in plates of PMMA.

Fluoride release and recharge in giomer, compomer and resin composite.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the fluoride recharging and releasing abilities of resin-based materials containing fluoridated glass filler to determine whether the extent of the glass-ionomer matrix of the material affects these properties.

Methods: Three materials having a different proportion of the hydrogel matrix surrounding the glass filler, namely: Reactmer paste, Dyract AP and Xeno CF, were used for this study. Five disk specimens of each material were placed into distilled/deionized water and the fluoride release measured during 38 days.

Temperature mediated coefficient of dimensional change of dental tooth-colored restorative materials.

Objectives: Restorative materials are constantly subjected to thermal challenges in the oral environment. Such challenges, if significant, can have unfavorable effects on the margins of restorations in terms of the seal between the material and the tooth structure. This study aimed to assess the Coefficient of Dimensional Change (CDC) of tooth-colored restorative materials.

Determination of fluoride ions released from resin-based dental materials using ion-selective electrode and ion chromatograph.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the quantities of total and free fluoride ions released from four resin-based composites containing fluoride (Heliomolar (HE), UniFil S (UF), Beautifil (BE) and Reactmer paste (RP)) and one glass ionomer cement (Ketac-Fil Plus Aplicap (KF)).

Methods: Five disk specimens of each material were prepared and the fluoride release was measured at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The amounts of total and free fluoride ions released from materials were measured by using an ion-selective electrode (ISE) and ion chromatography (IC).

WAY-855 (3-amino-tricyclo[2.2.1.02.6]heptane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid): a novel, EAAT2-preferring, nonsubstrate inhibitor of high-affinity glutamate uptake.

The pharmacological profile of a novel glutamate transport inhibitor, WAY-855 (3-amino-tricyclo[2.2.1.