Swine clones: potential application for animal production and animal models.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), or cloning, is used to reprogram cells and generate genetically identical embryos and animals. However, the cloning process is inefficient, limiting its application to producing valuable animals. In swine, cloning is mainly utilized to produce genetically modified animals.

Attitudes and opinions of Brazilian veterinarians towards the assessment and management of acute avian pain.

Background: Veterinarians' approaches to the management of avian pain have been poorly documented despite the rising number of pet birds seen in clinical settings.

Methods: An online survey was advertised nationwide to recruit Brazilian veterinarians who had treated traumatic and surgical conditions in birds within the previous year. The survey comprised 25 closed or semi-closed questions divided into four sections (demographics, routinely performed medical procedures and pain recognition, drug choices for analgesia and challenges to pain treatment, and attitudes towards pain relief in birds).

Evaluation of Gastric pH and Gastrin Concentrations in Horses Subjected to General Inhalation Anesthesia in Dorsal Recumbency.

The prevalence of gastric disorders in high-performance horses, especially gastric ulceration, ranges from 50 to 90%. These pathological conditions have negative impacts on athletic performance and health. This study was designed to evaluate changes in gastric pH during a 24 h period and to compare gastrin concentrations at different time points in horses undergoing general inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency.

Comparison between a Tail Clamp and Electrical Stimulation for Sevoflurane Minimum Anesthetic Concentration Determination in Green Iguanas ().

This study aimed to compare the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in green iguanas using elec- trical stimulation and tail clamping as noxious stimuli. Seven adult green iguanas () weighing 580 to 1,300 g were enrolled. Each iguana was anesthetized twice after a 1-week washout period, with MAC being determined using a tail clamp (MACt) or electrical stimulation (MACe ) techniques.

Minimum anesthetic concentration of isoflurane and sevoflurane and cardiorespiratory effects of varying inspired oxygen fractions in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus).

The aim of this study was to determine the minimum anesthetic concentration of isoflurane (MAC) and sevoflurane (MAC) and evaluate the cardiorespiratory changes induced by varying fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO) in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus). Twenty adult penguins (3.53 ± 0.

The fraction of inspired oxygen does not affect the time to extubation in mechanically ventilated, sevoflurane-anesthetized green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas).

Objective: To evaluate the effects of providing 100% O2, compared with the provision of 21% O2 (equivalent to room air), in mechanically ventilated, sevoflurane-anesthetized green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas).

Animals: Eleven juvenile green sea turtles.

Procedures: In a randomized, blinded, cross-over study (1-week interval between treatments), turtles were anesthetized with propofol (5 mg/kg, IV), orotracheally intubated, mechanically ventilated with 3.

Cardiopulmonary and propofol-sparing effects of dexmedetomidine in total intravenous anesthesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine on the propofol-based anesthesia of cats subjected to ovariohysterectomy.

Methods: Twenty-eight cats were randomly allocated to four groups (seven cats in each) and premedicated with either 5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine (groups Dex 1, Dex 3 and Dex 5) or 0.05 ml saline (Prop group) intramuscularly.

Effects of detomidine or romifidine during maintenance and recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia in horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of detomidine or romifidine on cardiovascular function, isoflurane requirements and recovery quality in horses undergoing isoflurane anaesthesia.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical study.

Animals: A total of 63 healthy horses undergoing elective surgery during general anaesthesia.

Sevoflurane Sparing Effect of Morphine in Tegus (Salvator merianae) - A Preliminary Study.

This study aimed to determine the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in tegus (Salvator merianae) and the morphine-sparing effect on this variable. In a prospective, non-blinded, crossover study, MAC was first determined in 6 tegus under sevoflurane anesthesia alone (MAC) and then following intramuscular administration of morphine (10 mg/kg), administered 3 hour before sevoflurane anesthesia (MAC). A standard bracketing technique was applied to determine the MAC by an electrical supramaximal noxious stimulus (50 Hz, 30 mA) delivered at the base of the tail of the tegus.

Intranasal oxygen reverses hypoxaemia in immobilised free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris).

Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is the main host of tick-borne pathogens causing Brazilian spotted fever; therefore, controlling its population is essential, and this may require chemical restraint. We assessed the impact of chemical restraint protocols on the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and other blood variables in 36 capybaras and the effect of different flows of nasal oxygen (O2) supplementation. The capybaras were hand-injected with dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg) and midazolam (0.

Treatment of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury in Dogs Using Amniotic Membrane-Derived Stem Cells: Preliminary Results.

Introduction: Intervertebral disc diseases (IVDD) represent the majority of neurological attendance and responsible for the most cases of paralysis in dogs. Treatments currently used do not show satisfactory results in patients with more severe and chronic neurological manifestations.

Methods: To promote nerve and muscular recovery, as well as improve quality of life, we aimed to create a double-blind test method, associating spinal decompression surgery and allogeneic transplantation of amniotic membrane-derived stem cells (AMSCs) in dogs with chronic IVDD.

Evaluation of totally implantable catheters in healthy horses.

Background: For horses requiring prolonged daily cephalic intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP), the use of a totally implantable catheter (TIC) could be indicated to reduce complications associated with frequent venipuncture or external catheterization. This study aims to evaluate the implantation technique of the TIC in the cephalic vein of horses for IVRLP, describe the complications associated with the device's placement and use, and assess its viability up to 60 days after implantation. Totally implantable catheters, cut to 15 cm (n = 5) and 46 cm (n = 5) in length, were implanted into one cephalic vein in ten adult horses (n = 10).

Evaluation of anaesthetic depth and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol infusion rate in Sapajus apella previously chemically contained with dextroketamine-midazolam.

Background: This study evaluated the cardiopulmonary effects and anaesthetic depth induced by a propofol infusion rate of 0.8 mg/kg/min in monkeys (Sapajus apella).

Materials And Methods: Five capuchin monkeys received dextroketamine-midazolam intramuscularly.

Effects of Three Consecutive Days of Morphine or Methadone Administration on Analgesia and Open-Field Activity in Mice with Ehrlich Carcinoma.

This study assessed the exploratory behavioral responses in BALB/c mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma after 3 consecutive days of treatment with morphine or methadone. Fifty-three female mice, 60 ± 10 d old, were used. Seven days after intraperitoneal tumor inoculation (2 × 10 cells), the animals were randomized into 7 groups: morphine 5 mg/kg (MO), morphine 7.

The Use of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in the Treatment of a Comminuted Tibiotarsal Fracture in a Juvenile Red-legged Seriema ().

An adult red-legged seriema () presented with a comminuted fracture of the tibiotarsus and fibula. Surgery was performed, and a type II external fixator, with 2 distal and 2 proximal pins, was used to stabilize the fracture. After a 10-day stabilization period, the bird developed a second fracture on the same bone, proximal to the first fracture site.

Recovery Quality After Romifidine Versus Detomidine Infusion During Isoflurane Anesthesia in Horses.

To examine the influence of detomidine or romifidine on recovery quality from isoflurane anesthesia, 78 anesthetic records were reviewed, from horses that had received romifidine (group R) during premedication [80-120 μg kg IV], anesthetic maintenance (40 μg kg hour IV), and recovery (20 μg kg IV) or detomidine (group D), at doses of 10-20 μg kg IV, 5 μg kg hour IV, and 2.5 μg kg IV, respectively. Duration of the different recovery phases, the number of attempts to sternal and standing, scores for transition to standing (TrSta), balance and coordination once standing (BC), and final recovery score (FS) were compared between groups using a Mann-Whitney U-test, independent t-test, or chi-squared test, as appropriate (alpha 0.

Influence of the FIV Status and Chronic Gingivitis on Feline Oral Microbiota.

Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) has an unclear pathogenesis with the oral microbiome and viral infections, such as feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), thought to contribute. Although the relationship between the FIV status and FCGS is not clear, one theory is FIV-induced immune dysregulation could contribute to oral dysbiosis, promoting FCGS development. To further understand the relationship between FCGS, FIV infection, and the oral microbiome, oral cavities of forty cats fitting within 4 groups (FIV- without gingivitis, FIV+ without gingivitis, FIV- with gingivitis, FIV+ with gingivitis) were swabbed.

Pharmacopuncture Analgesia Using Flunixin Meglumine Injection into the Acupoint GV1 (Ho Hai) After Elective Castration in Horses.

The study evaluated the effect of a 1/10 dose of flunixin meglumine administered into the governing vessel 1 (GV1) acupoint in horses that underwent castration. Twenty animals received 0.02 mg/kg detomidine intravenously, followed by 2.

Effect of Methadone Combined With Acepromazine or Detomidine on Sedation and Dissociative Anesthesia in Healthy Horses.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of methadone combined with detomidine or acepromazine on the quality of sedation and its influence over dissociative anesthesia in healthy horses. In a crossover design, seven horses were administered with 0.1 mg/kg methadone and 0.

Clinical effects of epidurally administered dexmedetomidine with or without lidocaine in sheep.

Background: The aims of this study were evaluate cardiopulmonary, sedative and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine-lidocaine combination via lumbosacral epidural injection in sheep.

Methods: Six Santa Inês breed sheep, 16±6 months old and weighing 42.2 ± 5.

Use of Rodent Sedation Tests to Evaluate Midazolam and Flumazenil in Green Iguanas ().

This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of rodent behavioral tests to assess the effects of midazolam and flumazenil in green iguanas. Four tests commonly used to assess sedation in rodents-the open field test, forced swim test, behavioral scale, and traction test-were conducted in 10 juveniles iguanas. The animals received midazolam (2 mg/kg IM) or 0.

Azaperone and xylazine: A pharmacological combination to facilitate captive deer management for red brocket deer (Mazama americana).

The care and management of deer in captivity is challenging, especially in the case of red brocket deer (Mazama americana), whose routine management using physical restraint is difficult. Our study evaluated the effects of azaperone and xylazine combination for immobilizing red brocket deer and allow for the standard capture and handling protocols (e.g.

VENOUS AND ARTERIAL ACID-BASE ANALYSIS OF MAGELLANIC PENGUINS (), AWAKE AND ANESTHETIZED BY ISOFLURANE.

This study aimed to compare the venous acid-base status of healthy awake versus anesthetized Magellanic penguins (). Ten nonanesthetized penguins were manually restrained, and a venous blood sample was collected. Six of these penguins were anesthetized by 2% isoflurane and, after an anesthetic stabilization period, both venous and arterial blood samples were simultaneously withdrawn.

Morphine, but not methadone, inhibits microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated horse synoviocytes.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the main locomotor disorders in horses. Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the first-line treatment for OA, opioids could also be used. In previous studies, opioids showed promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.