Accurate deep learning-based filtering for chaotic dynamics by identifying instabilities without an ensemble.

We investigate the ability to discover data assimilation (DA) schemes meant for chaotic dynamics with deep learning. The focus is on learning the analysis step of sequential DA, from state trajectories and their observations, using a simple residual convolutional neural network, while assuming the dynamics to be known. Experiments are performed with the Lorenz 96 dynamics, which display spatiotemporal chaos and for which solid benchmarks for DA performance exist.

Anti-resorptive therapy and MRONJ. A survey of the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology.

Objectives: Anti-resorptive agents have been linked to the development of MRONJ in patients undergoing dental surgical procedures. This survey aims to explore the level of knowledge and experience of Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology members in the management of patients treated with anti-resorptive agents and with the risk of developing MRONJ.

Materials And Methods: An 18-item questionnaire was submitted by e-mail to the SIdP members.

HIV-Related Oral Mucosa Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Study on a Cohort of Italian Patients.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can be associated with oral mucosal diseases, including oral candidiasis and HPV infection, which are putative indicators of the immune status.

Aim And Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of HIV-related oral mucosal lesions in a cohort of Italian HIV+ patients regularly attending the Clinics of Infectious Diseases.

Results: One hundred seventy-seven (n = 177) patients were enrolled and 30 (16.

Anti-resorptive therapy in the osteometabolic patient affected by periodontitis. A joint position paper of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (SIOT) and the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP).

This joint report from the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (SIOT) and the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP) aims for a consensus around the scientific rationale and clinical strategy for the management of osteoporotic patients affected by periodontitis who are undergoing anti-resorptive (AR) therapy to manage the risk of the occurrence of a medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). Osteoporosis and periodontitis are chronic diseases with a high prevalence in aging patients, and they share some of the same pathogenetic mechanisms based upon inflammation. Available evidence shows the relationship among osteoporosis, AR agents, periodontitis and implant therapy in relation to the incidence of MRONJ.

Medical emergencies in dental practice: A nationwide web-based survey of Italian dentists.

Objective: Dentists must be prepared to manage medical emergencies, which are arisen during dental practice together with the increase of age population and medically compromised patients. This study aims at assessing the occurrence of medical emergencies in a cohort of Italian dentists, to ascertain their level of confidence in the management of these conditions, also based on their educational training and type of medical graduation, and, finally, to know their educational needs, in order to plan appropriate institutional interventions for specific training.

Methods: A national-based cross-sectional study was carried out by means of an online survey sent to all dentists working in Italy.

COVID-19 and Dental Education: the Experience of the Dental School from the University of Milan.

In late February 2020, Lombardy became one of the outbreak areas of the novel coronavirus pandemic, leading to the revolution of traditional teaching. Here, we describe our teaching experience at the Dental School of the University of Milan, with a focus on the management of distance learning and clinical training. Distance education was enhanced with streaming lectures and videos of clinical procedures.

The impact of COVID-19 on the dental hygienists: A cross-sectional study in the Lombardy first-wave outbreak.

The impact of COVID-19 on socio-economical activities has changed everyday life. Dental hygienists, who perform aerosol generating procedures, have been strongly affected by changes in routine procedures. This cross-sectional study aimed at carrying out an online survey among dental hygienists in Lombardy.

Physical activity as a proxy to ameliorate inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease at high cardiovascular risk.

While the beneficial impact of physical activity has been ascertained in a variety of pathological scenarios, including diabetes and low-grade systemic inflammation, its potential remains still putative for periodontal health. Periodontal disease has been associated with inflammatory systemic alterations, which share a common denominator with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Physical exercise, along with nutritional counseling, is a cornerstone in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes, also able to reduce the prevalence of periodontal disease and cardiovascular risk.

Topological optimization of implant-prosthetic structures.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to verify the possibility of obtaining an optimized prosthetic substructure using generic software, respecting the distribution loads and forces involved. What is considered to be original and innovative in this study is the possibility of designing the prosthetic substructure on the basis of the individual patient's chewing biomechanics, with the purpose of obtaining an even greater efficiency than a prosthesis designed according to a traditional method.

Materials And Methods: The starting standard triangulation language (STL) file was processed with Rhinoceros software and the tOpos plugin.

Sex-Related Differences in Allelic Frequency of the Human Beta T Cell Receptor SNP rs1800907: A Retrospective Analysis from Milan Metropolitan Area.

This paper aims at retrospectively re-analyzing the different distribution, between males and females, in the allelic frequency of the human β T cell receptor (TCR β) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) rs1800907 in Caucasian patients in the Milan metropolitan area. The allelic frequency significantly differed between sexes. Females showed higher frequency of C/C genotype than males, but lower T/C genotype ( < 0.

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions.

Background: The most frequent indications for tooth extractions, generally performed by general dental practitioners, are dental caries and periodontal infections. Systemic antibiotics may be prescribed to patients undergoing extractions to prevent complications due to infection. This is an update of a review first published in 2012.

Combining data assimilation and machine learning to infer unresolved scale parametrization.

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has been proposed to devise data-driven parametrizations of unresolved processes in dynamical numerical models. In most cases, the ML training leverages high-resolution simulations to provide a dense, noiseless target state. Our goal is to go beyond the use of high-resolution simulations and train ML-based parametrization using direct data, in the realistic scenario of noisy and sparse observations.

Polyphenol Bioavailability and Plasma Antiradical Capacity in Healthy Subjects after Acute Intake of Pigmented Rice: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Health-promoting effects of plant foods have been emphasized in the last few decades and ascribed to the bioactive phytochemicals present therein-in particular, phenylpropanoids. The latter have been investigated for a number of preclinical biological activities, including their antioxidant power. Due to the paucity of human studies, in this randomized intervention trial, we investigated whether the acute intake of pigmented rice could increase the plasma bioactive levels and antiradical power in twenty healthy subjects.

Effect of Red Wine Intake on Serum and Salivary Melatonin Levels: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Melatonin (MLT) is a recently discovered phytochemical in wine, but its influence on physiological MLT levels is still unknown. This study aimed at evaluating variations, in serum and saliva, of MLT concentrations after the intake of MLT-enriched red wine. Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited to receive 125 mL of red wine naturally lacking of MLT (placebo, PLC), or the same wine enriched with MLT (MLT+).

Melatonin Treatment in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of melatonin compared to placebo in reducing pain associated with burning mouth syndrome (BMS), as well as side effects of treatment and effects on sleep quality, anxiety, and serum and salivary melatonin levels.

Methods: In this triple-blind, randomized clinical trial, 20 BMS patients (mean age ± standard deviation: 64.4 ± 11.

Efficacy of an anti-discoloration system (ADS) in a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash: A triple blind, randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of an anti-discoloration system (ADS) in a 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash to reduce dental discoloration.

Methods: A triple-blind, cross-over, randomized clinical trial was carried out in 22 healthy volunteers asked to perform oral rinses, twice a day for 21 days, using 0.

Fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (45°x: 45°) for color analysis of dental composite.

Purpose: To evaluate the application of a fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) prototype probe for 45°x: 45° FORS for determining color of dental materials. A portable spectrophotometer with a highly manageable fiber optics co-axial probe was used to apply 45°x: 45° FORS for color matching in restorative dentistry.

Methods: The color coordinates in CIELAB space of two dental shade guides and of the corresponding photopolymerized composites were collected and compared.

Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer.

Background: Oral leukoplakia is a relatively common oral lesion that, in a small proportion of people, precedes the development of oral cancer. Most leukoplakias are asymptomatic; therefore, the primary objective of treatment should be to prevent onset of cancer. This review updates our previous review, published in 2006.

The effect of clinical setting on the unstimulated salivary flow rate.

Objective: Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) sialometry uses the spitting method to assess occurrence of hyposalivation. This study compares the UWS flow rates in volunteers sitting in a laboratory or in a clinical setting, in order to evaluate the influence of environment on salivary secretion.

Design: 25 healthy volunteers were recruited and divided into two groups to perform UWS sialometry under the two different settings (T1).

Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Rapid Prototyped Three-Dimensional Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold.

In the study, we assess a rapid prototyped scaffold composed of 30/70 hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium-phosphate (β-TCP) loaded with human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) to determine cell proliferation, differentiation toward osteogenic lineage, adhesion and penetration on/into the scaffold.In this in vitro study, hASCs isolated from fat tissue discarded after plastic surgery were expanded, characterized, and then loaded onto the scaffold. Cells were tested for: viability assay (Alamar Blue at days 3, 7 and Live/Dead at day 32), differentiation index (alkaline phosphatase activity at day 14), scaffold adhesion (standard error of the mean analysis at days 5 and 18), and penetration (ground sections at day 32).

Immediate Implant Placement After Removal of Maxillary Impacted Canine Teeth: A Technical Note.

Impacted maxillary canine teeth commonly occur in the general population. The traditional therapeutic approach comprises fenestration and orthodontic traction; however, if traction is not feasible or the patient refuses orthodontic treatment, an alternative solution is to remove the impacted tooth and immediately place an implant. This technical note describes a novel surgical approach to rehabilitation after impacted canine tooth removal, entailing immediate placement of a long implant in combination with regenerative materials and a barrier.

Accidental aspiration of foreign bodies in dental practice: clinical management and prevention.

Objective: Foreign body aspiration is a possible complication of dental treatment that may result in a life-threatening situation. The foreign body is often spontaneously ejected from the airway, but in other cases, surgical intervention is needed. Prevention, diagnostic procedures, treatment and complications are discussed.

Alendronate impairs epithelial adhesion, differentiation and proliferation in human oral mucosa.

Objective: This study aimed at evaluating from a morphological point of view the effects of alendronate (ALN), a widely used nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate for the chronic treatment of osteoporosis, on the oral epithelium of healthy keratinized human oral mucosa. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a well-known severe consequence, but the effects during chronic therapy on the oral soft tissues are still matter of debate.

Materials And Methods: Six women over 60 year-old undergoing treatment of osteoporosis with 70 mg per week of oral ALN (lasting at least 2 years) were recruited and compared with a gender and age-matched group (n = 6).

Effects of red wine intake on human salivary antiradical capacity and total polyphenol content.

The protective effects of grape polyphenols have been reported on oral health, though unreasonable alcohol consumption represents a risk factor for developing oral cancer. The possible effects of red wine consumption on salivary antiradical activity were investigated in healthy volunteers for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Time-course (from 0 min to 240 min) changes of salivary radical-scavenging capacity were measured by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(+)) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, in twelve healthy volunteers, after the intake of red wine (125 mL), a capsule of red wine extract (300 mg) or water (125 mL).