[Myeloid sarcoma: report of one case with trisomy 11].

Myeloid sarcoma is a form of extra-medullary myeloid neoplasia. Cytogenetic characterization is hampered in the absence of invasion to the bone marrow, origin of cells that are usually studied in cytogenetic studies. We report a 13 years old mole presenting with a mass in the right shoulder.

Translation without eIF2 promoted by poliovirus 2A protease.

Poliovirus RNA utilizes eIF2 for the initiation of translation in cell free systems. Remarkably, we now describe that poliovirus translation takes place at late times of infection when eIF2 is inactivated by phosphorylation. By contrast, translation directed by poliovirus RNA is blocked when eIF2 is inactivated at earlier times.

Gender differences in knee stability in response to whole-body vibration.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) differences between men and women in how the knee is controlled during a single-legged drop landing in response to whole-body vibration (WBV). Forty-five healthy volunteers, 30 men (age 22 ± 3 years; weight 76.8 ± 8.

A non-infectious cell-based phenotypic assay for the assessment of HIV-1 susceptibility to protease inhibitors.

Objectives: HIV-1 genotyping is widely accepted as a diagnostic tool to optimize therapy changes in patients whose antiretroviral regimen is failing. Phenotyping can substantially complement the information obtained from genotyping, especially in the presence of complex mutational patterns. However, drug susceptibility tests are laborious and require biosafety facilities.

Saurian papulosis: a new clinicopathological entity.

Background: Epidermal keratinization disorders comprise a heterogeneous group of skin diseases that share the common feature of abnormal epidermal maturation, often leading to a disturbed stratum corneum.

Objective: To describe two cases of an unusual disorder of epidermal keratinization.

Methods: The clinical features of two unrelated patients with a long-standing widespread cutaneous eruption are described.

Alternative splicing, a new target to block cellular gene expression by poliovirus 2A protease.

Viruses have developed multiple strategies to interfere with the gene expression of host cells at different stages to ensure their own survival. Here we report a new role for poliovirus 2A(pro) modulating the alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. Expression of 2A(pro) potently inhibits splicing of reporter genes in HeLa cells.

Differential expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the lymphoid organs of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected pigs.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is considered one of the most important diseases in the swine industry. Although several studies have been carried out to elucidate the host immune response evoked against PRRS virus (PRRSV), there are several aspects that still remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α in the lymphoid organs (mediastinal and retropharyngeal lymph nodes and tonsil) of PRRSV-infected pigs and to determine their correlation with the expression of PRRSV antigen.

Membrane integration of poliovirus 2B viroporin.

Virus infections can result in a variety of cellular injuries, and these often involve the permeabilization of host membranes by viral proteins of the viroporin family. Prototypical viroporin 2B is responsible for the alterations in host cell membrane permeability that take place in enterovirus-infected cells. 2B protein can be localized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, inducing membrane remodeling and the blockade of glycoprotein trafficking.

Translation of viral mRNA without active eIF2: the case of picornaviruses.

Previous work by several laboratories has established that translation of picornavirus RNA requires active eIF2α for translation in cell free systems or after transfection in culture cells. Strikingly, we have found that encephalomyocarditis virus protein synthesis at late infection times is resistant to inhibitors that induce the phosphorylation of eIF2α whereas translation of encephalomyocarditis virus early during infection is blocked upon inactivation of eIF2α by phosphorylation induced by arsenite. The presence of this compound during the first hour of infection leads to a delay in the appearance of late protein synthesis in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected cells.

Patterns of mercury and methylmercury bioaccumulation in fish species downstream of a long-term mercury-contaminated site in the lower Ebro River (NE Spain).

Since the 19th century, large amounts of industrial waste were dumped in a reservoir adjacent to a chlor-alkali plant in the lower Ebro River (NE Spain). Previous toxicological analysis of carp populations inhabiting the surveyed area have shown that the highest biological impact attributable to mercury pollution occurred downstream of the discharge site. However, mercury speciation in fish from this polluted area has not been addressed yet.

Methylmercury levels and bioaccumulation in the aquatic food web of a highly mercury-contaminated reservoir.

The low Ebro River basin (NE Spain) represents a particular case of chronic and long-term mercury pollution due to the presence of an industrial waste (up to 436 μg/g of Hg) coming from a chlor-alkali plant Albeit high total mercury (THg) levels have been previously described in several aquatic species from the surveyed area, methylmercury (MeHg) values in fish individuals have never been reported. Accordingly, in order to investigate bioaccumulation patterns at different levels of the aquatic food web of such polluted area, crayfish and various fish species, were analysed for THg and MeHg content. At the hot spot, THg mean values of crayfish muscle tissue and hepatopancreas were 10 and 15 times, respectively, greater than the local background level.

The multifaceted poliovirus 2A protease: regulation of gene expression by picornavirus proteases.

After entry into animal cells, most viruses hijack essential components involved in gene expression. This is the case of poliovirus, which abrogates cellular translation soon after virus internalization. Abrogation is achieved by cleavage of both eIF4GI and eIF4GII by the viral protease 2A.

Fungal infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, whose causes are still unknown. We have proposed that MS, as well as some ophthalmologic diseases, are associated with fungal infection. In the present study, we closely monitored a patient with MS over a three-year period.

Effects of a prolonged exercise program on key health outcomes in women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the impact of a long-term exercise programme vs usual care on perceived health status, functional capacity and depression in patients with fibromyalgia.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Subjects: Forty-two women with fibromyalgia were allocated randomly to 1 of 2 groups: an experimental group that carried out aerobic, strength and flexibility exercises for 24 weeks and a usual care control group.

Novel ancestral Dysferlin splicing mutation which migrated from the Iberian peninsula to South America.

Primary dysferlinopathies are a group of recessive heterogeneous muscular dystrophies. The most common clinical presentations are Miyoshi myopathy and LGMD2B. Additional presentations range from isolated hyperCKemia to severe functional disability.

Functional impairment of eIF4A and eIF4G factors correlates with inhibition of influenza virus mRNA translation.

Influenza virus mRNAs contain a 5'-cap structure followed by short cell-derived heterogeneous oligonucleotides and they are polyadenylated. However, selective translation of viral mRNAs occurs upon infection. Thus, we have studied whether differential requirements for the eIF4F components on viral and cellular translation could mediate this selectivity.

Effectiveness of low-frequency vibration recovery method on blood lactate removal, muscle contractile properties and on time to exhaustion during cycling at VO₂max power output.

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of low-frequency vibration recovery (LFV-rec) on blood lactate removal, muscle contractile properties, and on time to exhaustion during cycling at maximal oxygen uptake power output (pVO(2max)). Twelve active males carried out three experimental sessions. In session 1, participant's maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) and pVO(2max) were determined, and in sessions 2 and 3, the participants performed a fatiguing exercise (2 min of cycling at pVO(2max)) and then a 15 min recovery period using one of two different methods: LFV-rec which consisted on sitting with feet on the vibratory platform (20 Hz; 4 mm) and passive recovery (P-rec), sitting without vibration stimulus.

Strategies for antiviral stockpiling for future influenza pandemics: a global epidemic-economic perspective.

Influenza pandemics present a global threat owing to their potential mortality and substantial economic impacts. Stockpiling antiviral drugs to manage a pandemic is an effective strategy to offset their negative impacts; however, little is known about the long-term optimal size of the stockpile under uncertainty and the characteristics of different countries. Using an epidemic-economic model we studied the effect on total mortality and costs of antiviral stockpile sizes for Brazil, China, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, Singapore, the UK, the USA and Zimbabwe.

[Immune thrombocytopenic purpura associated to hepatitis C virus infection: report of one case].

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a cause of secondary chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). We report a 43 year old man with mild Hemophilia A, who received blood transfusions during childhood, that consulted for epistaxis and ecchymoses. The laboratory showed a platelet count of 23.

Comparative effects of native filamentous and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the establishment of an autochthonous, leguminous shrub growing in a metal-contaminated soil.

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of inoculation with a native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd.

Bald scalp in men with androgenetic alopecia retains hair follicle stem cells but lacks CD200-rich and CD34-positive hair follicle progenitor cells.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also known as common baldness, is characterized by a marked decrease in hair follicle size, which could be related to the loss of hair follicle stem or progenitor cells. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed bald and non-bald scalp from AGA individuals for the presence of hair follicle stem and progenitor cells. Cells expressing cytokeratin15 (KRT15), CD200, CD34, and integrin, α6 (ITGA6) were quantitated via flow cytometry.

The effect of 6-week exercise programme and whole body vibration on strength and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia: a randomised study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a 6-week traditional exercise programme with supplementary whole-body vibration (WBV) in improving strength and health status in women with fibromyalgia (FM).

Methods: Thirty postmenopausal women with FM (mean (SD) age: 59 (7.90) years) were randomised into one of two groups, one intervention group (GEV n=15), which combined exercise training (two days a week) with three days of WBV (3 sets of 45 s at 20 Hz-3 mm and four sets of unilateral static squats at 20 Hz-2 mm) and another control group (n=15), that performed the same physical activity programme but without vibration training (GEnV).

Aerobic exercise versus combined exercise therapy in women with fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate the effects of supervised aerobic exercise (AE) and a combined program of supervised aerobic, muscle strengthening, and flexibility exercises (combined exercise [CE]) on important health outcomes in women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Community-based supervised intervention.

Immunohistochemical detection of extrinsic and intrinsic mediators of apoptosis in porcine paraffin-embedded tissues.

Apoptosis is a strictly regulated mechanism of cell death that involves a complex network of biochemical pathways. Whether a cell undergoes apoptosis or not depends on a delicate balance of anti- and pro-apoptotic stimuli. This phenomenon can be induced by two different pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.