Phylosymbiosis and Elevated Cancer Risk in Genetically Depauperate Channel Island Foxes.

Examination of the host-associated microbiome in wildlife can provide critical insights into the eco-evolutionary factors driving species diversification and response to disease. This is particularly relevant for isolated populations lacking genomic variation, a phenomenon that is increasingly common as human activities create habitat 'islands' for wildlife. Here, we characterised the gut and otic microbial communities of one such species: Channel Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis).

Increasing Hispanic Participation in Cognitive Research: An Examination of a Decade of Web-Based Recruitment into MindCrowd.

The research community has struggled to successfully recruit and retain Hispanic participants into research studies. The purpose of our study is to describe Hispanic enrollment into our study across the past decade. We sought to identify trends in Hispanic engagement in internet-based recruitment over three distinct time periods including the COVID-19 pandemic.

Antimicrobial Activity of Anionic Bis(-Heterocyclic Carbene) Silver Complexes.

The antimicrobial properties of a series of anionic bis(carbene) silver complexes Na[Ag(NHC)] were investigated (- and , where NHC is a 2,2'-(imidazol-2-ylidene)dicarboxylate-type -heterocyclic carbene). The complexes were synthesized by the interaction of imidazolium dicarboxylate compounds with silver oxide in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. Complexes , were characterized analytically and spectroscopically, and the ligand precursor and complexes and were structurally identified by X-ray diffraction methods.

Electrocoagulation of landfill leachate: Transforming a hazardous residue into a source of irrigation water.

Electrocoagulation of landfill leachate has been widely investigated, however, only few reports include the reuse of the treated water. In this work, treated leachate is evaluated as irrigation water. The main obstacle is the high Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR=Na/(Ca+Mg)/2.

Recurrent cardiovascular and limb events in 294,428 patients with coronary or peripheral artery disease or ischemic stroke on antiplatelet monotherapy: The RESRISK cohort study.

Background And Aims: Utilising real-world data, we quantified the burden of cardiovascular risk factors and long-term residual risk of atherothrombotic events among routine care cohorts with coronary (CAD) or peripheral (PAD) artery disease or ischemic stroke (IS) on guideline-recommended antiplatelet monotherapy (APMT).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using data (2010-2020) from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episode Statistics, including adults with CAD, PAD or IS who were first prescribed APMT (CAD/IS: aspirin; PAD: clopidogrel). Primary outcomes (recurrent events): major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) for CAD/PAD/IS cohorts, major adverse limb events (MALE) for PAD.

Predictors of CPAP failure after less-invasive surfactant administration in preterm infants.

Introduction: Less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is associated with better respiratory outcomes in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. However, mechanical ventilation (MV) shortly after the LISA procedure has been related to lower survival. This study aimed to analyze the trends and main predictors of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure after LISA.

COVID-19 and menstrual-related disturbances: a Spanish retrospective observational study in formerly menstruating women.

Introduction: Four years after the start of the pandemic, there is limited evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on the women's health regardless of their reproductive status.

Objective: The aim was to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of menstrual-related disturbances in formerly menstruating women following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Study Design: A retrospective observational study of adult women in Spain was conducted during the month of December 2021 using an online survey ( = 17,512).

The contribution of histopathology to the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Lessons from archival biopsy samples.

Background: Histopathological analysis of tissue samples is an ancillary complementary diagnostic tool in tuberculosis (TB) with variable sensitivity and specificity according to different clinical settings. We evaluated the spectrum of histological findings, their diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic utility, and requests over time in a sample of archival biopsies.

Methods: Analysis of biopsies of confirmed TB cases between years 2011-2019 at a reference hospital in Chile.

Promoting workplace retention during global crises: An international survey of the preventive role of psychological support among victims of social discrimination in long-term care facilities.

This international cross-sectional survey examined the potential role of organizational psychological support in mitigating the association between experiencing social discrimination against long-term care (LTC) facilities' healthcare professionals (HCPs) and their intention to stay in the current workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included a convenience sample of 2,143 HCPs (nurses [21.5 %], nurse aids or residential care workers [40.

An amplicon panel for high-throughput and low-cost genotyping of Pacific oyster.

Maintaining genetic diversity in cultured shellfish can be challenging due to high variance in individual reproductive success, founder effects, and rapid genetic drift, but is important to retain adaptive potential and avoid inbreeding depression. To support broodstock management and selective breeding in cultured Pacific oysters (Crassostrea (Magallana) gigas), we developed an amplicon panel targeting 592 genomic regions and SNP variants with an average of 50 amplicons per chromosome. Target SNPs were selected based on elevated observed heterozygosity or differentiation in Pacific oyster populations in British Columbia, Canada.

Admissions by tuberculosis in a regional reference Center. A complex and worrying scenario.

Objectives: To characterize clinical aspects, evaluate the diagnostic opportunity, and identify factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: Retrospective study of patients admitted for TB to a Regional Hospital in Chile between 2011 and 2019.

Results: 142 TB events required hospitalization in this period (38.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus observation in high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients: An inverse probability of treatment weighting study.

Background: The survival benefit of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients with high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has not been established.

Objective: To determine whether SLNB improves disease-specific survival (DSS) in high-risk cSCC. Secondary objectives were to analyse disease-free survival, nodal recurrence-free survival and overall survival (OS).

Assessing the effectiveness of spatial PCA on SVM-based decoding of EEG data.

Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely employed for dimensionality reduction prior to multivariate pattern classification (decoding) in EEG research. The goal of the present study was to provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of PCA on decoding accuracy (using support vector machines) across a broad range of experimental paradigms. We evaluated several different PCA variations, including group-based and subject-based component decomposition and the application of Varimax rotation or no rotation.

Enhanced Working Memory Representations for Rare Events.

Rare events () produce a variety of enhanced physiological responses relative to frequent events (), including the P3b component of the event-related potential (ERP) waveform. Previous research has suggested that the P3b is related to working memory, which implies that working memory representations will be enhanced for rare stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we devised a modified oddball paradigm in which the target was a disk presented at one of 16 different locations, which were divided into a rare set and a frequent set.

A precision functional atlas of personalized network topography and probabilities.

Although the general location of functional neural networks is similar across individuals, there is vast person-to-person topographic variability. To capture this, we implemented precision brain mapping functional magnetic resonance imaging methods to establish an open-source, method-flexible set of precision functional network atlases-the Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB) Precision Brain Atlas. This atlas is an evolving resource comprising 53,273 individual-specific network maps, from more than 9,900 individuals, across ages and cohorts, including the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, the Developmental Human Connectome Project and others.

Using multivariate pattern analysis to increase effect sizes for event-related potential analyses.

Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) approaches can be applied to the topographic distribution of event-related potential (ERP) signals to "decode" subtly different stimulus classes, such as different faces or different orientations. These approaches are extremely sensitive, and it seems possible that they could also be used to increase effect sizes and statistical power in traditional paradigms that ask whether an ERP component differs in amplitude across conditions. To assess this possibility, we leveraged the open-source ERP CORE data set and compared the effect sizes resulting from conventional univariate analyses of mean amplitude with two MVPA approaches (support vector machine decoding and the cross-validated Mahalanobis distance, both of which are easy to compute using open-source software).

Effects of the PREMEN-CALM® in the Management of the Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study.

Premenstrual syndrome is a common disorder in women of reproductive age characterized by a variety of cyclical symptoms with a great impact on their lifestyle. Available pharmacological options include both antidepressants and oral contraceptives, both of which have side effects, are expensive and not always effective. Vitamins, minerals and plant extracts have been proven to alleviate the symptomatology of the premenstrual syndrome.

Targeting the Endothelin-1 pathway to reduce invasion and chemoresistance in gallbladder cancer cells.

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a prevalent and deadly biliary tract carcinoma, often diagnosed at advanced stages with limited treatment options. The 5-year survival rate varies widely from 4 to 60%, mainly due to differences in disease stage detection. With only a small fraction of patients having resectable tumors and a high incidence of metastasis, advanced GBC stages are characterized by significant chemoresistance.

Using Multivariate Pattern Analysis to Increase Effect Sizes for Event-Related Potential Analyses.

Multivariate pattern analysis approaches can be applied to the topographic distribution of event-related potential (ERP) signals to 'decode' subtly different stimulus classes, such as different faces or different orientations. These approaches are extremely sensitive, and it seems possible that they could also be used to increase effect sizes and statistical power in traditional paradigms that ask whether an ERP component differs in amplitude across conditions. To assess this possibility, we leveraged the open-source ERP CORE dataset and compared the effect sizes resulting from conventional univariate analyses of mean amplitude with two multivariate pattern analysis approaches (support vector machine decoding and the cross-validated Mahalanobis distance, both of which are easy to compute using open-source software).

Potentially toxic element bioaccumulation in consumed indoor shrimp farming associated with diet, water and sediment levels.

Shrimp production is an important industry for many countries and shrimp consumption is increasing worldwide. Shrimps are a highly nutritional food, but can pose a risk for human health if subject to high levels of environmental contaminants. This work studies the presence of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in shrimps from Ecuador and compares them to such contents noted in other shrimp-production areas in the world to evaluate the possible risks associated with these elements for consumer health, and to relate them to potentially toxic element (PTE) contents in water, sediments and diets, and also to animal biometric parameters.

Multi-echo Acquisition and Thermal Denoising Advances Precision Functional Imaging.

The characterization of individual functional brain organization with Precision Functional Mapping has provided important insights in recent years in adults. However, little is known about the ontogeny of inter-individual differences in brain functional organization during human development. Precise characterization of systems organization during periods of high plasticity is likely to be essential for discoveries promoting lifelong health.

Superficial Grain Refinement of 316L Stainless Steel by Rolling with Rough Rolls.

This study presents a novel approach to producing superficial micro- and nanostructures using a cold rolling process with rough rolls, followed by low-temperature annealing. The proposed technique attempts to recreate the superficial deformation occurring in the sandblasting process. It allows for the generation of an inhomogeneous network, or tangle, of high-deformation zones on the material's surface that act as nucleation centers during the subsequent annealing process.

Evaluation of Mono and Bimetallic Ferrocene-Based 1,2,3-Triazolyl Compounds as Burning Rate Catalysts for Solid Rocket Motor.

We reported mono and bimetallic ferrocene-based 1,2,3-triazolyl compounds as potential burning rate catalysts in their neutral and ionic forms. All complexes reported here were characterized using H and C NMR, elemental analysis, and Mössbauer spectroscopy, which was performed for neutral and oxide compounds. The complexes present quasireversible redox potentials with higher oxidative ability than ferrocene and catocene under the same conditions.

Effect of florfenicol on Piscirickettsia salmonis biofilm formed in materials used in salmonid nets, nylon and high-density polyethylene.

Piscirickettsiosis is the most prevalent bacterial disease affecting seawater salmon in Chilean salmon industry. Antibiotic therapy is the first alternative to counteract infections caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis. The presence of bacterial biofilms on materials commonly used in salmon farming may be critical for understanding the bacterial persistence in the environment.