Oral Care in Head and Neck Radiotherapy: Proposal for an Oral Hygiene Protocol.

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the oral side effects caused by radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Various treatments are examined to mitigate these sequelae, and a protocol is proposed for dentists and dental hygienists to manage oncological patients. A literature search was conducted to select relevant articles addressing the effects of radiotherapy treatments on the oral cavity, with a particular focus on the development of mucositis, candidiasis, changes in salivary pH, trismus, fibrosis, and alterations in the oral biofilm.

Case report: Breaking CNS immuno-privilege: TNFα-inhibitor triggers aseptic meningitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

Blood-brain barrier dysfunction might be driven by peripheral inflammation. TNFα inhibitors (TNF-α) are occasionally associated with a wide spectrum of neurological immuno-mediated disorders. However, patients with systemic autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), might be prone to develop further organ-specific, including central nervous system (CNS), autoimmunity.

Psychological Well-Being of Children with Asthma and Their Parents.

: The literature reports that emotional disorders in asthmatic children and their parents may affect asthma control. This research explores the baseline psychological well-being of asthmatic children and their mothers' and fathers' psychological functioning, focusing on the influence of the parents' anxiety and separation anxiety on children's asthma. : In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled children with non-severe asthma and their parents, and a group of healthy children and their parents.

Development of an Optical System for Strain Drop Measurement of Osteosarcoma Cells on Substrates with Different Stiffness.

Adherent cells perceive mechanical feedback from the underlying matrix and convert it into biochemical signals through a process known as mechanotransduction. The response to changes in the microenvironment relies on the cell's mechanical properties, including elasticity, which was recently identified as a biomarker for various diseases. Here, we propose the design, development, and characterization of a new system for the measurement of adherent cells' , a parameter correlated with cells' elasticity.

Role of Nasal Nitric Oxide in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Other Respiratory Conditions in Children.

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced within the airways and released with exhalation. Nasal NO (nNO) can be measured in a non-invasive way, with different devices and techniques according to the age and cooperation of the patients. Here, we conducted a narrative review of the literature to examine the relationship between nNO and some respiratory diseases with a particular focus on primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).

Expression of functional mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in human T lymphocytes.

Aldosterone plays a key role in controlling blood pressure (BP) values by maintaining body salt, water, and fluid homeostasis. Excess aldosterone production is associated with arterial hypertension, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, partly via generation of an inflammatory state followed by fibrotic changes in the organs that are target of hypertension. Aldosterone exerts genomic effects that are known to involve activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR).

Metabolomics Applied to Pediatric Asthma: What Have We Learnt in the Past 10 Years?

: Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children. It is a complex non-communicable disease resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors and characterized by heterogeneous underlying molecular mechanisms. Metabolomics, as with the other omic sciences, thanks to the joint use of high-throughput technologies and sophisticated multivariate statistical methods, provides an unbiased approach to study the biochemical-metabolic processes underlying asthma.

Pediatric Imaging Using PET/MR Imaging.

PET/MR imaging is a one-stop shop technique for pediatric diseases allowing not only an accurate clinical assessment of tumors at staging and restaging but also the diagnosis of neurologic, inflammatory, and infectious diseases in complex cases. Moreover, applying PET kinetic analyses and sequences such as diffusion-weighted imaging as well as quantitative analysis investigating the relationship between disease metabolic activity and cellularity can be applied. Complex radiomics analysis can also be performed.

Defining and Promoting Pediatric Pulmonary Health: Developing Biomarkers for Pulmonary Health.

Children with inherited and/or acquired respiratory disorders often arrive in adolescence and adulthood with diminished lung function that might have been detected and prevented had better mechanisms been available to identify and to assess progression of disease. Fortunately, advances in genetic assessments, low-cost diagnostics, and minimally- invasive novel biomarkers are being developed to detect and to treat respiratory diseases before they give rise to loss of life or lung function. This paper summarizes the Developing Biomarkers for Pulmonary Health sessions of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute- sponsored 2021 Defining and Promoting Pediatric Pulmonary Health workshop.

Pro-inflammatory cells sustain leukemic clonal expansion in T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia.

T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGLL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the clonal expansion of T-cell large granular lymphocytes (T-LGL). Immunophenotypic and genotypic features contribute to discriminate symptomatic (CD8+ STAT3-mutated T-LGLL) from clinically indolent patients, this latter group including CD8+ wildtype (wt), CD4+ STAT5B-mutated and wt cases. T-LGL lymphoproliferation is sustained both by somatic gain-offunction mutations (i.

Lung Function in Children with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance that results in accumulation of mucus and bacteria in the airways. Lower respiratory tract infections lead to airway remodeling and lung function impairment. The aim of our narrative review is to discuss available data on lung function in PCD children, focusing on risk factors for lung function impairment.

Spending Time with Mothers as a Resource for Children with Chronic Diseases: A Comparison of Asthma, Type 1 Diabetes, and Cancer during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many families had to manage new difficulties, especially those of chronically ill children. More and more research has focused on the negative effects of the pandemic on psychological wellbeing, while less is known about the resources. The present study aimed to explore the role of time spent with mothers in chronically ill children's populations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of COVID-19 in Children with Chronic Lung Diseases.

Background: since December 2019, the world has become victim of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of our narrative review is to analyze the impact of COVID-19 in children suffering from chronic lung disease (CLD).

Methods: we searched the MEDLINE/Pubmed database using the terms "SARS-CoV-2" or "COVID-19" or "Coronavirus Diseases 2019"; AND "chronic lung diseases" or "chronic respiratory diseases" or "asthma" or "cystic fibrosis" or "primary ciliary dyskinesia" or "bronchopulmonary dysplasia"; and limiting the search to the age range 0-18 years.

Impact of air pollution exposure on lung function and exhaled breath biomarkers in children and adolescents.

A growing number of scientific papers focus on the description and quantification of the detrimental effects of pollution exposure on human health. The respiratory system is one of the main targets of these effects and children are potentially a vulnerable population. Many studies analyzed the effects of short- and long-term exposure to air pollutants on children's respiratory function.

Preliminary Evidence on Pulmonary Function after Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 in Children.

Background: While it has been described that adults can develop long-lasting deterioration in pulmonary function (PF) after coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), regardless of disease severity, data on the long-term pneumological impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are lacking.

Methods: Performing a single-center, prospective, observational study on children aged 6-18 years with a previous diagnosis of asymptomatic/mild COVID-19, we evaluated the long-term impact of mild severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children.

Results: A total of 61 subjects underwent spirometry after a mean time of 10 ± 4 months from asymptomatic or mild infection.

A new strategy of desensitization in mucopolysaccharidosis type II disease treated with idursulfase therapy: A case report and review of the literature.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a multisystemic lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the iduronate 2-sulfatase enzyme. Currently, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant idursulfase is the main treatment available to decrease morbidity and improve quality of life. However, infusion-associated reactions (IARs) are reported and may limit access to treatment.

A Novel Microwave Resonant Sensor for Measuring Cancer Cell Line Aggressiveness.

The measurement of biological tissues' dielectric properties plays a crucial role in determining the state of health, and recent studies have reported microwave biosensing to be an innovative method with great potential in this field. Research has been conducted from the tissue level to the cellular level but, to date, cellular adhesion has never been considered. In addition, conventional systems for diagnosing tumor aggressiveness, such as a biopsy, are rather expensive and invasive.

A positive effect of a short period stay in Alpine environment on lung function in asthmatic children.

Lung function is a central issue in diagnosis and determination of asthma severity and asthma control has been previously reported to improve after a stay in mountain environment for at least 2 weeks. No data are available for shorter periods of stay, in particular for small airways during a stay at altitude. The aim of this study is to focus on changes in respiratory function, regarding both the central airways and the peripheral airways in the first 2 weeks of stay in a mountain environment in asthmatic children.

Early Oral Nutritional Supplements in the Prevention of Wheezing, Asthma, and Respiratory Infections.

Wheezing, asthma, and respiratory infections (RTI) are among the most common causes of morbidity in children and their economic and social burden could be significantly reduced by specific prevention strategies. Epidemiological studies suggest that lower levels of some nutrients are associated with higher prevalence of these conditions, but the possible protective effect of early supplementation with these nutrients has not yet been established. Aim of our review is to synthetize the available scientific evidence on the role of supplementation with pre- and probiotics, vitamin D, fish and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamin A, C, and E, given during the first year of life, in the prevention of wheezing, asthma and RTI.

The Role of Electrochemotherapy in the Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Metastases From Breast Cancer: Analysis of Predictive Factors to Treatment From an Italian Cohort of Patients.

The treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous localizations from breast cancer (BC) is still a therapeutic challenge. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is one of the available options, and it is characterized by the association between the administration of a chemotherapic agent (Bleomycin) with the temporary raise of permeability of the cellular membrane induced by the local administration of electrical impulses (electroporation). ECT represents an effective therapy for loco-regional control of this disease.

Metabolomic Profile at Birth, Bronchiolitis and Recurrent Wheezing: A 3-Year Prospective Study.

There is growing interest for studying how early-life influences the development of respiratory diseases. Our aim was to apply metabolomic analysis to urine collected at birth, to evaluate whether there is any early metabolic signatures capable to distinguish children who will develop acute bronchiolitis and/or recurrent wheezing. Urine was collected at birth in healthy term newborns.

Corrigendum: Melanoma in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA): Evaluation of the Characteristics, Treatment Strategies, and Prognostic Factors in a Monocentric Retrospective Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.