Overcoming resistance to arginine deprivation therapy using GC7 in pleural mesothelioma.

Pleural mesothelioma is a highly chemotherapy-resistant cancer. Approximately 50% of mesotheliomas do not express argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), the rate-limiting enzyme in arginine biosynthesis, making arginine depletion with pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) an attractive therapeutic strategy. We investigated whether combinatory treatment composed of ADI-PEG20 and polyamine inhibitors constitutes a promising novel therapeutic strategy to overcome ADI-PEG20 resistance in mesothelioma patients.

Guidelines for Diagnosis of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Their Specificity.

Objectives: A recent paper by Moore, Lowe and Cox has proposed guidelines for diagnosing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). It is referred to here as the MLC guidelines. Our aim was to assess the specificity of those guidelines (i.

Phosphorus-containing polycarbosilazanes: synthesis dehydrocoupling catalysis and flame-retardant properties.

The barium complex [Ba{N(SiMe)}] has been used to catalyse the dehydropolymerisation of the phosphine-functionalised hydrosilane 4-PhP-CHSiH (A) with the α,ω-diamine 1,4-(CHNHMe)-CH (C), for the production of -[Si(4-CHPPh)H-N(Me)CH-CH-CHN(Me)]- polycarbosilazanes that contain dangling phosphino groups along the polymer backbone. The comonomers A and C, specifically prepared for this purpose and comprehensively characterised, lend themselves well to barium-promoted dehydrocoupling catalysis. They allow for the formation of linear, amine-capped polymers with molecular weights in the range 4000-8000 g mol, as estimated by DOSY and H end-group NMR analyses.

Common soluble carbohydrates affect the growth, survival, and fatty acid profile of black soldier fly larvae Hermetia illucens (Stratiomyidae).

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L. 1758), is an omnivorous saprophagous insect with a high potential for valorizing organic by-products rich in carbohydrates. Among carbohydrates, H.

Microorganism Contribution to Mass-Reared Edible Insects: Opportunities and Challenges.

The interest in edible insects' mass rearing has grown considerably in recent years, thereby highlighting the challenges of domesticating new animal species. Insects are being considered for use in the management of organic by-products from the agro-industry, synthetic by-products from the plastics industry including particular detoxification processes. The processes depend on the insect's digestive system which is based on two components: an enzymatic intrinsic cargo to the insect species and another extrinsic cargo provided by the microbial community colonizing-associated with the insect host.

An update for (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) distribution in Belgium.

The brown marmorated stink bug, , represents an important insect pest and subsequently an important agricultural threat due to its polyphagous feeding habits and adaptability to diverse climates. Native from East Asia, its recent establishment in various regions, including North America and Europe, has led to substantial yield losses and economic impacts, which highlight the need for comprehensive research efforts, based on data occurrence by combining those from expert entomologists and citizen scientists. We reported here 14 new occurrences of this insect pest in the three regions of Belgium.

Dinuclear group IV metal complexes based on a bis(indenyl)-(/)-stilbene platform: a potential prototype of "photoswitchable" catalysts for olefin polymerization.

The preparation of dizirconium complexes based on a novel bis(indenyl)-(/)-stilbene platform was explored. Negishi coupling between the -generated diorganozincates obtained from the respective //-(/)-dibromostilbenes and the bromo-functionalized zirconocene (η-Cp*)(η-2-methyl-4-bromoindenyl)ZrCl, or, alternatively, the preparation of bis(indene)stilbene pro-ligands {//-(/)-BisIndSB}H through Negishi coupling of the corresponding dibromostilbenes with 4-bromoindene and subsequent metallation/transmetallation with Cp*ZrCl or Zr(NMe), allowed the preparation of a series of dinuclear complexes. These were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and some of them by iASAP-mass spectrometry and by X-ray diffraction studies.

Barium phosphidoboranes and related calcium complexes.

The attempted synthesis of [{Carb}BaPPh] (1) showed this barium-phosphide and its thf adducts, 1·thf and 1·(thf), to be unstable in solution. Our strategy to circumvent the fragility of these compounds involved the use of phosphinoboranes HPPh·BH and HPPh·B(CF) instead of HPPh. This allowed for the synthesis of [{Carb}Ae{PPh·BH}] (Ae = Ba, 2; Ca, 3), [{Carb}Ca{(HB)PPh}·(thf)] (4), [{Carb}Ba{PPh·B(CF)}] (5), [{Carb}Ba{O(B(CF))CHCHCHCHPPh}·thf] (6), [Ba{O(B(CF))CHCHCHCHPPh}·(thf)] (7) and [Ba{PPh·B(CF)}·(thp)] (8) that were characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (thp = tetrahydropyran).

Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by air pollution-derived PM persist in the lungs of mice after cessation of their sub-chronic exposure.

More than 7 million early deaths/year are attributable to air pollution. Current health concerns are especially focused on air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM). Although oxidative stress-induced airway inflammation is one of the main adverse outcome pathways triggered by air pollution-derived PM, the persistence of both these underlying mechanisms, even after exposure cessation, remained poorly studied.

Long-term clinical significance of benign endometrial cells identified on routine cervical cytology in women aged more or equal to 45 years.

Introduction: Within the Bethesda System, the recommendation of describing benign-appearing endometrial cells (BECs) has changed over recent years. Since the 2014 revision, their presence in cervical cytology reports has been deemed essential, beginning with age 45. Recent studies have suggested rising the reporting age to 50 years.

-Symmetric {cyclopentadienyl/indenyl}-metallocene catalysts: synthesis, structure, isospecific polymerization of propylene and stereocontrol mechanism.

A series of new MeSi-bridged cyclopentadiene/indene proligands {MeSi(R-R-Cp)(R,R,R,R-Ind)H} (1a-j) with various substitutions both on the indene and cyclopentadiene moieties was prepared. The corresponding -symmetric group 4 -metallocene complexes (M = Zr, Hf), namely, {MeSi(MeCp)(Ind)}ZrCl (2a-Zr), {MeSi(MeCp)(2-Me,4-Ph-Ind)}MCl (2b-M), {MeSi(MeCp)(2-Me,4-Ph,6-Bu-Ind)}ZrCl (2c-Zr), {MeSi(MeCp)(2-Me,4-Ph,5-OMe,6-Bu-Ind)}MCl (2d-M), {MeSi(MeCp)(2-R',4-(3',5'-Bu,4'-OMe-CH),5-OMe,6-Bu-Ind)}ZrCl, R' = Me (2e-Zr), R' = Et (2f-Zr), {MeSi(2,5-Ph-3,4-Me-Cp)(2-Me,4-(3',5'-Bu,4'-OMe-CH),5-OMe,6-Bu-Ind)}ZrCl (2g-Zr), {MeSi(MeCp)(2-Me,4-(3',6'-Bu-carbazol-4'-yl)-Ind)}ZrCl (2h-Zr), {MeSi(2,5-Me,3,4-iPr-Cp)(2-Me,4-Ph-Ind)}ZrCl (2i-Zr), {MeSi(2,5-Me,3,4-iPr-Cp)(2-Me,4-Ph,6-Bu-Ind)}ZrCl (2j-Zr) and {MeSi(MeCp)(2-Me-4,5-[]anthracene-Ind)}MCl (2k-Zr) were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The solid-state molecular structures of 2b-Zr, 2d-Zr, 2e-Zr, 2f-Zr, 2j-Zr and 2k-Zr were determined by X-ray crystallography.

A role for macrophages under cytokine control in mediating resistance to ADI-PEG20 (pegargiminase) in ASS1-deficient mesothelioma.

Background: Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20; pegargiminase) depletes arginine and improves survival outcomes for patients with argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1)-deficient malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Optimisation of ADI-PEG20-based therapy will require a deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms, including those mediated by the tumor microenvironment. Here, we sought to reverse translate increased tumoral macrophage infiltration in patients with ASS1-deficient MPM relapsing on pegargiminase therapy.

The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments.

Trial of Deferiprone in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Iron content is increased in the substantia nigra of persons with Parkinson's disease and may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disorder. Early research suggests that the iron chelator deferiprone can reduce nigrostriatal iron content in persons with Parkinson's disease, but its effects on disease progression are unclear.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, phase 2, randomized, double-blind trial involving participants with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease who had never received levodopa.

Exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to protect pancreatic beta cells in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Diabetes is characterised by progressive loss of functional pancreatic beta cells. None of the therapeutic agents used to treat diabetes arrest this process; preventing beta cell loss remains a major unmet need. We have previously shown that serum from eight young healthy male participants who exercised for 8 weeks protected human islets and insulin-producing EndoC-βH1 cells from apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor thapsigargin.

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g.

Arginine Deprivation in SCLC: Mechanisms and Perspectives for Therapy.

Arginine deprivation has gained increasing traction as a novel and safe antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of several hard-to-treat cancers characterised by a critical dependency on arginine. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) displays marked arginine auxotrophy due to inactivation of the rate-limiting enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), and as a consequence may be targeted with pegylated arginine deiminase or ADI-PEG20 (pegargiminase) and human recombinant pegylated arginases (rhArgPEG, BCT-100 and pegzilarginase). Although preclinical studies reveal that ASS1-deficient SCLC cell lines are highly sensitive to arginine-degrading enzymes, there is a clear disconnect with the clinic with minimal activity seen to date that may be due in part to patient selection.

Polythioesters Prepared by Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Thioesters and Related Monomers.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters with a wide range of applications; in particular, they currently stand as promising alternatives to conventional polyolefin-based "plastics". The introduction of sulfur atoms within the PHAs backbone can endow the resulting polythioesters (PTEs) with differentiated, sometimes enhanced thermal, optical and mechanical properties, thereby widening their versatility and use. Hence, PTEs have been gaining increasing attention over the past half-decade.

Tacticity Control of Cyclic Poly(3-Thiobutyrate) Prepared by Ring-Opening Polymerization of Racemic β-Thiobutyrolactone.

We report here on the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic β-thiobutyrolactone (rac-TBL), as the first chemical synthesis of poly(3-thiobutyrolactone) (P3TB), the thioester analogue of the ubiquitous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB). The ROP reactions proceed very fast (TOF >12 000 h at r.t.

Have We Got Thy3 Wrong in the UK? A Four-Year Single-Site Analysis of Malignancy Rates in Thy3 Nodules.

Introduction Thyroid nodules routinely undergo ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), as recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the British Thyroid Association (BTA). The cytology results are classified using the "Thy" system from Thy1 to Thy5. Intermediate Thy3 FNA results are challenging, as this suggests malignancy is possible, but the relatively low rates of malignancy can make decision-making difficult.

Recidivism Rates of Treated, Non-Treated and Dropout Adolescent Who Have Sexually Offended: a Non-Randomized Study.

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral treatment in reducing recidivism by adolescents who have sexually offended (ASO). A secondary objective was to determine whether typologies based on victim age (child, adult/peer, mixed) and relationship (intrafamilial, extra familial, intra/extra familial) discriminate ASO in terms of response to treatment and recidivism. The sample comprised 327 adolescents 12-18 years old ( = 15.