Additive manufacturing of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic by vat polymerization for dental appliances.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the mechanical properties of lithium disilicate components produced by additive manufacturing (AM) and to assess the effect of build orientation on the resistance to fracture.

Methods: Oversized bars were printed with a glass-filled photoactive resin using a digital light processing technique. After sintering and post-processing, flexure and chevron notch fracture toughness bars were obtained in three principal orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) with respect to the build direction.

Are older long term care residents accurately prognosticated and consequently informed about their prognosis? Results from SHELTER study data in 5 European countries.

Background: Informing residents in long term care facilities (LTCFs) about their prognosis can help them prepare for the end of life. This study aimed to examine which proportion of European LTCF residents, close to death, are accurately prognosticated and consequently informed about their prognosis; and to examine factors related to accurate prognostication and discussion of prognosis.

Methods: A subsample of SHELTER study data was used, consisting of: 500 residents from 5 European countries, who died within 6 months after their last assessment, and had a valid answer on the item 'End stage disease, 6 or fewer months to live'.

Documenting Routinely What Matters to People: Standardized Headings for Health Records of Patients with Chronic Health Conditions.

Objective: Specifying the content in electronic health records (EHRs) through standardized headings based on international reference classifications will facilitate their semantic interoperability. The objective of this study was to specify potential chapter headings for EHRs aligned with the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) based on the perspectives of people living with chronic health conditions, carers, and professionals.

Methods: A multistage process was established including (1) a patient workshop, (2) an online survey of both patients and carers, and (3) an online consultation with patient and professional bodies.

Cost-effectiveness of stent-retriever thrombectomy in combination with IV t-PA compared with IV t-PA alone for acute ischemic stroke in the UK.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of neurothrombectomy with a stent retriever (Solitaire * Revascularization Device) in treating acute ischemic stroke patients from the UK healthcare provider perspective.

Methods: A Markov model was developed to simulate health outcomes and costs of two therapies over a lifetime time horizon: stent-retriever thrombectomy in combination with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV t-PA), and IV t-PA alone. The model incorporated an acute phase (0-90 days) and a rest of life phase (90+ days).

On the Functional Group Tolerance of Ester Hydrogenation and Polyester Depolymerisation Catalysed by Ruthenium Complexes of Tridentate Aminophosphine Ligands.

The synthesis of a range of phosphine-diamine, phosphine-amino-alcohol, and phosphine-amino-amide ligands and their ruthenium(II) complexes are reported. Five of these were characterised by X-ray crystallography. The activities of this collection of catalysts were initially compared for the hydrogenation of two model ester hydrogenations.

E-cadherin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with previous local treatment in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of previous local treatment on the E-cadherin (E-cad) expression in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) within the Milan criteria.

Methods: Seventy-four of 204 patients with HCC underwent LDLT between 1997 and 2014. Previous local treatment for HCC was performed for 121 lesions in 47 patients (47/74, 63.

The impact of treated bacterial infections within one month before living donor liver transplantation in adults.

Background: The impact of treated preoperative bacterial infections on the outcome of living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is not well defined. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of pre-transplant bacterial infections within one month before LDLT and their impact on the post-transplant morbidity and mortality.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 50 adult LDLT recipients between January 2009 and October 2011.

Insomnia in long-term care facilities: a comparison of seven European countries and Israel: the Services and Health for Elderly in Long TERm care study.

Objectives: To assess insomnia and its correlates as part of the Services and Health for Elderly in Long TERm care (SHELTER) study, funded by the 7th Framework Programme of the European Union.

Design: Cross-cultural investigation.

Setting: Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in eight European countries (Czech Republic, France, Finland, Germany, England, the Netherlands, Italy) and one non-European country (Israel).

Highly enantioselective hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of cycloalkyl and heterocyclic ketones catalysed by an iridium complex of a tridentate phosphine-diamine ligand.

Ir complexes of chiral phosphine-diamine ligands catalyse the hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of aryl-piperidin-4-yl methanones, and ketones bearing both an aryl group and secondary alkyl substituent with up to 98% e.e., and with substrate to catalyst ratios of up to 4000.

The calculation of quality indicators for long term care facilities in 8 countries (SHELTER project).

Background: Performance indicators in the long term care sector are important to evaluate the efficiency and quality of care delivery. We are, however, still far from being able to refer to a common set of indicators at the European level.We therefore demonstrate the calculation of Long Term Care Facility Quality Indicators (LTCFQIs) from data of the European Services and Health for Elderly in Long TERm Care (SHELTER) project.

Convenient and improved protocols for the hydrogenation of esters using Ru catalysts derived from (P,P), (P,N,N) and (P,N,O) ligands.

An improved protocol where a pre-cursor, [Ru(Cl)(2)(NBD)(Py)(2)], is treated with ligands to form [RuCl(2)(bidentate ligand)(diamine)] pre-catalysts for ester hydrogenation is reported. This family of catalysts, as well as a range of ruthenium complexes of tridentate P^N^X (X = NR(2), OH) ligands have been investigated in the hydrogenation of aromatic esters. A range of aromatic esters can be hydrogenated in high yields at temperatures between 30 °C and 100 °C.

Assessment of nursing home residents in Europe: the Services and Health for Elderly in Long TERm care (SHELTER) study.

Background: Aims of the present study are the following: 1. to describe the rationale and methodology of the Services and Health for Elderly in Long TERm care (SHELTER) study, a project funded by the European Union, aimed at implementing the interRAI instrument for Long Term Care Facilities (interRAI LTCF) as a tool to assess and gather uniform information about nursing home (NH) residents across different health systems in European countries; 2. to present the results about the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the interRAI LTCF instrument translated into the languages of participating countries; 3 to illustrate the characteristics of NH residents at study entry.

Polypharmacy in nursing home in Europe: results from the SHELTER study.

Background: This study assesses prevalence and patients characteristics related to polypharmacy in a sample of nursing home residents.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis on 4,023 nursing home residents participating to the Services and Health for Elderly in Long TERm care (SHELTER) project, a study collecting information on residents admitted to 57 nursing home in 8 countries. Data were collected using the interRAI instrument for long-term care facilities.

Identifying elderly depression using the Depression Rating Scale as part of comprehensive standardised care assessment in nursing homes.

Objectives: This study used data from the SHELTER (Services and Health for Elderly in Long TERm care) project to explore the benefits of using the Depression Rating Scale (DRS) as part of a standardised needs assessment in UK nursing homes, including a statistical method of effectively identifying characteristics linking to residents' depression.

Method: About 499 residents in nine nursing homes in south-east England were assessed with interRAI Long Term Care Facilities (interRAI LTCF), a standardised assessment tool containing the validated DRS residents who scored 3 or more on the DRS were considered 'might suffer from depression'. A list of characteristics associated with depression was then examined using bivariate analysis and logistic regression.

The use of an assessment tool in care homes.

The Minimum Data Set Resident Assessment Instrument (MDS/RAI) for Long Term Care Facilities ( Morris et al 1990 ) is a comprehensive, standardised assessment of residents' needs in long-term care developed by interRAI ( www.interrai.org ).

Medical records and record-keeping standards.

The structure of medical records becomes ever more critical with the advent of electronic records. The Health Informatics Unit (HIU) of the Royal College of Physicians has two work streams in this area. The Records Standards programme is developing generic standards for all entries into medical notes and standards for the content of admission, handover and discharge records.

Patient depression and caregiver attitudes: results from The AgeD in HOme Care study.

Background: The present cross-sectional study was aimed to evaluate the association between care recipient depression and caregiver attitudes.

Methods: Data were from The AgeD in HOme Care project, a study enrolling subjects aged >or=65 years receiving home care in Europe. Depression was diagnosed as a score >or=3 on the MDS Depression Rating Scale.

Gas phase kinetic and quantum chemical studies of the reactions of silylene with the methylsilanes. Absolute rate constants, temperature dependences, RRKM modelling and potential energy surfaces.

Time resolved studies of silylene, SiH2, generated by the 193 nm laser flash photolysis of phenylsilane, have been carried out to obtain rate coefficients for its bimolecular reactions with methyl-, dimethyl- and trimethyl-silanes in the gas phase. The reactions were studied over the pressure range 3-100 Torr with SF6 as bath gas and at five temperatures in the range 300-625 K. Only slight pressure dependences were found for SiH2+MeSiH3(485 and 602 K) and for SiH2+Me2SiH2(600 K).

Physical activity prevented functional decline among frail community-living elderly subjects in an international observational study.

Objectives: The aims of the study were to describe the prevalence of physical activity in a sample of older adults in home care in Europe and to examine the relationship between physical activity and incident disability.

Study Design And Setting: Study population consisted of a random sample of 2,005 subjects aged 65 or older admitted to home care programs in 11 European Home Health Agencies who participated in AgeD in HOme Care project. Participants who reported spending 2 or more hours of physical activities in last 3 days were defined physically active.