Ruptured aneurysm on a double origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery: a pathological entity in an anatomical variation. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is known to be very variable, and some of its anatomical variations can explain ischemic complications that occur during endovascular treatment of aneurysms. The authors report two cases of anatomical variation of the PICA that they have called its double origin, one of which gave rise to an aneurysm. The first patient was a 36-year-old man who presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage related to the rupture of a PICA aneurysm.

[Value of tissue harmonic imaging in biliary lithiasis].

Aim Of The Study: To define the role of harmonic imaging in the study of biliary lithiasis.

Subjects And Methods: We included 50 consecutive patients with suspected biliary lithiasis. Three independent observers compared results of harmonic imaging and conventional ultrasonography.

Use of half-dose gadolinium-enhanced MRI and magnetization transfer saturation in brain tumors.

The aim of this study was to search if half-dose gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MR imaging with magnetization transfer saturation (MT) can replace standard-dose T1-weighted spin echo (SE) without MT saturation in brain tumors. Thirty patients with a total of 33 brain tumors (14 gliomas, 13 meningiomas, 6 metastases) were prospectively studied using T1-weighted SE half-dose of Gd with MT, and T1-weighted SE standard-dose Gd without MT. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the two sequences was calculated and four radiologists reviewed qualitatively the images of the two sequences.

Error assessment due to coronary stents in flow-encoded phase contrast MR angiography: a phantom study.

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC MRI) is a promising method for assessing coronary flow. MR angiography images in the presence of coronary stents display artifacts because of the metal present in the stent. Using a flow phantom, the goal of this in vitro study was to assess quantitatively the effects of flow dephasing caused by magnetic susceptibility in velocity measurements in a region where the artifact is not visualized in a magnitude image.

Three-dimensional coronary artery MR imaging using prospective real-time respiratory navigator and linear phase shift processing: comparison with conventional coronary angiography.

Respiratory gating with navigator echo is a recent technique to detect diaphragm position in 3D magnetic resonance (MR) coronary angiography. The purpose of our study was to image proximal coronary arteries and to detect significant stenoses in patients with coronary artery diseases and to compare with contrast enhanced angiography results. Twenty patients with coronary artery diseases who were referred for conventional angiography underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Subclavian steal syndrome and flow-related aneurysm. Another reason to treat.

A 48-year-old woman presented with a symptomatic right subclavian steal syndrome due to proximal subclavian artery stenosis. Anatomically the innominate artery was absent. Collateral circulation followed the vertebro-vertebral pathway with reversal of blood flow in the ipsilateral vertebral artery.

[Value of the angioscan in the etiological diagnosis of cerebromeningeal hemorrhage].

Etiologic diagnosis of cerebromeningeal hemorrhage was suspected on CT scan without contrast imaging as a function of distribution of cisternal hyperdensities and/or topography of intracerebral hematomas and/or distribution of parenchymatous hypodensities. It was established in 90% of cases by results of angioscan (type and site of vascular malformation causing the cerebromeningeal hemorrhage are defined with this percent exactitude). Cerebral arteriography provides indispensable precise morphologic data on the vascular malformation: exact site of aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation, orientation of the aneurysm and presence or absence of a collar.

[Isolated azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava. (Absence of the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava)].

The isolated azygos continuation of the inferior vena cave is a very rare variation of this organ. It is accompanied by the absence of the retrohepatic segment of the vena cava with two new observations, the literature is revised and the origin discussed.

[X-ray computed tomographic aspects of gelatinous disease of the peritoneum. Apropos of 5 cases].

Gelatinous disease of the peritoneum, designated by Anglo-Saxon authors as peritoneal pseudomyxoma is a rare affection characterized by the presence in the peritoneal cavity of a mucoid substance corresponding to an acid mucopolysaccharide. It develops secondary to an acid mucopolysaccharide. It develops secondary to mucosecreting malignant tumors, particularly of ovarian or appendicular origin, and its capacity to provoke multiple recurrences makes it of fairly poor prognosis.

[Value of x-ray computed tomography in the study of the inferior vena cava in urologic practice].

The CT scan provides a reliable evaluation of the inferior vena cava, especially since the development of second and third generation scanners. It can readily detect congenital malformations and obstructive anomalies complicating renal cancer and it is also able to determine the tumoral or thrombotic nature of the venous obstruction. This excellent definition of the vessel reduces the indications for caval angiography to a few exceptional cases.

[Computed x-ray tomography in the detection of venous extension in renal cancer].

With reference to eleven cases of renal cancer with involvement of the inferior vena cava, CT semeiology of this venous complication is detailed. Furthermore, the authors suggest that the images are capable of a pathological interpretation which may indicate whether the obstruction is caused by the tumor or a thrombus. Lastly, the value and limitations of CT scan for detecting caval obstructions associated with renal cancer are analyzed.

[Comparison between the findings of x-ray computed tomography and thoracotomy in the evaluation of locoregional extensions of primary bronchial cancer. Apropos of 45 cases].

This study concerns 45 patients operated on for a primary bronchial cancer and without local or regional extension on a standard pulmonary radiograph. All subjects had a computed tomographic examination (TDM) on average 28 days before thoracotomy. The comparison was established and the possibility of excising the tumour, joined to an anatomopathological study of the structures removed.

[Tomodensitometric semiology of Budd-Chiari syndromes].

Specific computed tomography findings in Budd-Chiari's syndromes are described, based on an analysis of images from five cases. Recognition of these signs assists diagnosis when little evidence of the disease exists or when atypical images are produced. The performance of an angioscan and the study of the changes on repeated imaging provides essential data for liver exploration: on the one hand these emphasize or even unmask the lesions (peripheral multi-lacunar images in the obstructed territory), and on the other hand they assess possible lesions of the inferior vena cava as well as lack of filling of the hepatic veins.

[Computed tomography in renal trauma (author's transl)].

On the basis of a series of 25 cases of closed recent trauma of the kidney examined by scanner, the authors analyzed the information provided by the method and its correspondence with the various lesions encountered. In the course of this study, the scanner appeared to be the method of investigation which, at the present time, offers the best information concerning the severity of parenchymatous damage, as well as the size, nature and course of the perirenal blood or urine collections. Such data being fundamental to therapeutic decisions, the place of the scanner is essential in the evaluation of renal trauma, and, in severe forms, should be performed immediately after the irreplaceable I.

[Contribution of computed tomography to the exploration of aortic aneurysms (author's transl)].

A technique for exploring aortic aneurysms is described, and the results analysed in 50 cases (11 thoracic, 32 abdominal, 3 multiple, and 4 with both thoracic and abdominal aneurysms). The diagnostic value of this method appears evident for aneurysms in the thorax, and it can reduce the need for conventional radiological examinations. Results of examination of abdominal aneurysms were compared with those of ultrasonography and angiography.

[Diagnostic value of the CT scan in suppurative abdominal lesions (author's transl)].

Computed tomography, a relatively non-aggressive method of radiological investigation, can establish diagnosis, and, more particularly, define the site of suppurative lesions in the peritoneal cavity, the retroperitoneal space, and in solid organs (liver, kidneys, spleen). This method was employed to explore the abdomen in 52 patients. Intraperitoneal suppurations were diagnosed in 15 cases after demonstration of a low density mass, which may contain clear pockets of gas or be limited by a higher density wall.

[The value of computed tomography in the assessment of thoracic mesothelioma (author's transl)].

The authors report their experiences with computed tomography (CT) in 17 patients suffering from histologically proven pleural mesothelioma. The examination has two particular values. First the extent of the lesions can be assessed, in particular the retraction of the hemithorax, the detection of mediastinal involvement (which would be invisible to all other methods of examination including thoracoscopy), the exploration of the adjacent lung and the fissures, as well as the diaphragm.

[Contribution of computed tomography to radiological investigation of the adrenals (author's transl)].

Computed tomography examinations of the liver, kidneys, and pancreas were conducted in 466 patients over a period of one year, and both adrenals were visualized in 94 p. cent of cases. The adrenals were investigated during examination of the posterior submediastinal space in certain types of cancer, and clinically silent adrenal metastases were demonstrated in 14 patients with bronchial or pancreatic cancer.