Clinical safety and efficacy of a fully automated robot for magnetic resonance imaging-guided breast biopsy.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided biopsies are an accurate, but technically challenging, method for screening and diagnosis of breast lesions. This study assesses the safety and efficacy of an Image Guided Automated Robot (IGAR) in performing breast biopsies compared to manual procedures.

Methods: Safety was determined from adverse events (AEs) and device deficiencies.

The diagnostic precision of computed tomography for traumatic cervical spine injury: An in vitro biomechanical investigation.

Background: CT is considered the best method for vertebral fracture detection clinically, but its efficacy in laboratory studies is unknown. Therefore, our objective was to determine the sensitivity, precision, and specificity of high-resolution CT imaging compared to detailed anatomic dissection in an axial compression and lateral bending cervical spine biomechanical injury model.

Methods: 35 three-vertebra human cadaver cervical spine specimens were impacted in dynamic axial compression (0.

The effect of end condition on spine segment biomechanics in compression with lateral eccentricity.

During axial impact compression of the cervical spine, injury outcome is highly dependent on initial posture of the spine and the orientation, frictional properties and stiffness of the impact surface. These properties influence the "end condition" the spine experiences in real-world impacts. The effect of end condition on compression and sagittal plane bending in laboratory experiments is well-documented.

A neck compression injury criterion incorporating lateral eccentricity.

There is currently no established injury criterion for the spine in compression with lateral load components despite this load combination commonly contributing to spinal injuries in rollover vehicle crashes, falls and sports. This study aimed to determine an injury criterion and accompanying tolerance values for cervical spine segments in axial compression applied with varying coronal plane eccentricity. Thirty-three human cadaveric functional spinal units were subjected to axial compression at three magnitudes of lateral eccentricity of the applied force.

Comparison of foam-based and spring-loaded dry EEG electrodes with wet electrodes in resting and moving conditions.

The introduction of dry electrodes for EEG measurements has opened up possibilities of recording EEG outside of standard clinical environments by reducing required preparation and maintenance. However, the signal quality of dry electrodes in comparison with wet electrodes has not yet been evaluated under activities of daily life (ADL) or high motion tasks. In this study, we compared the performances of foam-based and spring-loaded dry electrodes with wet electrodes under three different task conditions: resting state, walking, and cycling.

Moment measurements in dynamic and quasi-static spine segment testing using eccentric compression are susceptible to artifacts based on loading configuration.

The tolerance of the spine to bending moments, used for evaluation of injury prevention devices, is often determined through eccentric axial compression experiments using segments of the cadaver spine. Preliminary experiments in our laboratory demonstrated that eccentric axial compression resulted in "unexpected" (artifact) moments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the static and dynamic effects of test configuration on bending moments during eccentric axial compression typical in cadaver spine segment testing.

Transmission of force in the lumbosacral spine during backward falls.

Study Design: Mathematical model, combined with and verified using human subject data.

Objective: (1) To develop and verify a lumped-parameter mathematical model for prediction of spine forces during backward falls; (2) to use this model to evaluate the effect of floor stiffness on spine forces during falls; and (3) to compare predicted impact forces with forces previously measured to fracture the spine.

Summary Of Background Data: Vertebral fractures are the most common osteoporotic fractures and commonly result from falls from standing height.

Pediatric and adult three-dimensional cervical spine kinematics: effect of age and sex through overall motion.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine the effect of age and sex on the three-dimensional kinematics of the cervical spine.

Summary Of Background Data: Spine kinematics information has important implications for biomechanical model development, anthropomorphic test device development, injury prevention, surgical treatment, and safety equipment design.