Weight gain, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, and postmenopausal breast cancer in a large prospective study.

Excess adiposity and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are important contributors to postmenopausal breast cancer risk. HRT has been shown to modify the association between body weight and breast cancer risk, although few studies are sufficiently large to examine the risk of breast cancer associated with body mass index (BMI) and weight gain separately among current HRT users and nonusers. This study includes 1,934 incident breast cancer cases occurring among 62,756 postmenopausal women in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort.

Glutamine and KGF each regulate extracellular thiol/disulfide redox and enhance proliferation in Caco-2 cells.

Glutamine (Gln) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) each stimulate intestinal epithelial cell growth, but regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. We determined whether Gln and KGF alter intra- and extracellular thiol/disulfide redox pools in Caco-2 cells cultured in oxidizing or reducing cell medium and whether such redox variations are a determinant of proliferative responses to these agents. Cells were cultured over a physiological range of oxidizing to reducing extracellular thiol/disulfide redox (Eh) conditions, obtained by varying cysteine (Cys) and cystine (CySS) concentrations in cell medium.

Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of incident breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are associated with increased risk of breast cancer in several studies. Circulating concentrations of insulin increase with dietary consumption of high glycemic index foods, which, in turn, may influence IGF-I levels or activity, but the relevance of such dietary patterns for breast cancer risk is unclear. We investigated whether consumption of carbohydrates with high dietary glycemic index would predict risk of postmenopausal breast cancer among 63,307 United States women in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.

Alcohol, folate, methionine, and risk of incident breast cancer in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.

Recent studies suggest that the increased risk of breast cancer associated with alcohol consumption may be reduced by adequate folate intake. We examined this question among 66,561 postmenopausal women in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. A total of 1,303 incident cases had accrued during the first 5 years of follow-up.

Vitamin C and vitamin E supplement use and bladder cancer mortality in a large cohort of US men and women.

Some epidemiologic studies suggest that use of vitamin C or vitamin E supplements, both potent antioxidants, may reduce the risk of bladder cancer. The authors examined the association between use of individual vitamin C and vitamin E supplements and bladder cancer mortality among 991,522 US adults in the Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort. CPS-II participants completed a self-administered questionnaire at enrollment in 1982 and were followed regarding mortality through 1998.

Extracellular thiol/disulfide redox state affects proliferation rate in a human colon carcinoma (Caco2) cell line.

Redox mechanisms function in regulation of cell growth, and variation in redox state of plasma thiol/disulfide couples occurs in various physiologic conditions, including diabetes, chemotherapy, and aging. The present study was designed to determine whether a systematic variation in extracellular thiol/disulfide redox state (E(h)) over a range (0 mV to -150 mV) that occurs in human plasma altered proliferation of cultured cells. Experiments were performed with a human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco2), which grows slowly in the absence of serum and responds to peptide growth factors with increased rate of cell division.

Trefoil peptide expression and goblet cell number in rat intestine: effects of KGF and fasting-refeeding.

The trefoil factor family peptides TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 are important for gut mucosal protection and restitution. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) stimulates proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells with potent effects on goblet cells. To investigate interactions between food intake and KGF, rats were fed ad libitum (control), fasted for 72 h, or fasted for 72 h and then refed for 72 h with or without KGF (3 mg.

Vitamin C, vitamin E, and multivitamin supplement use and stomach cancer mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study II cohort.

Supplementation with antioxidant vitamins has been associated with decreased risk of stomach cancer or regression of precancerous lesions in high-risk areas of China and Colombia. We examined the association between stomach cancer mortality and regular use (> or =15 times per month) of individual vitamin C supplements, individual vitamin E supplements, and multivitamins among 1,045,923 United States adults in the Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort. CPS-II participants completed a questionnaire at enrollment in 1982 and were followed for mortality through 1998.