Impact of race on discharge location for stroke survivors: Associations with home discharge from a retrospective analysis.

Background: White stroke survivors often experience better outcome compared to their counterparts. Poststroke discharge location influences the subsequent rehabilitation that can support recovery and improve outcomes. However, few studies have looked at the association of race and discharge to home.

Characterization and individual-level prediction of cognitive state in the first year after 'mild' stroke.

Background: Mild stroke affects more than half the stroke population, yet there is limited evidence characterizing cognition over time in this population, especially with predictive approaches applicable at the individual-level. We aimed to identify patterns of recovery and the best combination of demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors predicting individual-level cognitive state at 3- and 12-months after mild stroke.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered at 3-7 days, 3- and 12-months post-stroke.

Social Support Mediates the Association Between Abilities and Participation After Stroke.

Stroke survivors face participation restrictions, yet little is known regarding how social support affects the association between an individual's abilities and participation. Through a Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) model lens, social support was examined as a potential mediator between ability and participation in cognitively and mobility-demanding activities for stroke survivors with aphasia (persons with aphasia [PWA]) and without aphasia (persons without aphasia [PWOA]). A cross-sectional design, including PWA ( = 50) and PWOA ( = 59) examined associations among person factors (physical impairment, cognition), an environmental factor (social support), and occupational participation through cognitively- and mobility-demanding activity subscales of the Activity Card Sort.

Person and Environment Factors Supporting Self-Care Performance and Social Participation After Mild Stroke.

Mild stroke survivors seldom receive occupational therapy services as their deficits are assumed to be minor enough to not affect their daily occupations. Yet many mild stroke survivors report deficits in self-care performance and social participation. This study investigates person and environment factors influencing self-care performance and social participation among mild stroke survivors, using the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) model.

Application of the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model: A Scoping Review.

The Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) Model is one of several occupation-based models in occupational therapy. The model describes the transactional nature of person, environment, and occupation factors that support performance (doing), participation (engagement), and well-being (health and quality of life). The purpose of this study was to explore the extent and nature of evidence on the PEOP Model.

Racial disparities among mild stroke survivors: predictors of home discharge from a retrospective analysis.

Background: Half of all strokes are classified as mild, and most mild stroke survivors are discharged home after their initial hospitalization without any post-acute rehabilitation despite experiencing cognitive, psychosocial, motor, and mobility impairments.

Objectives: To investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of mild stroke survivors and their association with discharge location.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of mild stroke survivors from 2015-2023 in an academic medical center.

Experiences With Mobile Health-Enabled Ambulatory Monitoring Among Stroke Survivors: A Qualitative Study.

Inquiring into the experiences of stroke survivors toward ambulatory monitoring is crucial for optimizing user adoption, design, implementation, and sustainability of ambulatory monitoring in the stroke population. This study was aimed to identify facilitators and barriers for ambulatory monitoring among stroke survivors, as well as their suggestions for development and implementation of ambulatory monitoring. We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 40 stroke survivors who received ambulatory monitoring.

Social participation mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and loneliness among people with stroke during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.

Background: People post-stroke experience increased loneliness, compared to their healthy peers and loneliness may have increased during COVID due to social distancing. How social distancing affected loneliness among people after stroke is unknown. Bandura's self-efficacy theory suggests that self-efficacy may be a critical component affecting individuals' emotions, behaviors, attitudes, and interpretation of everyday situations.

An Exploratory Study of Young Stroke Survivors' Lived Experiences: A Multi-Methods Study Using Developmental Theory.

Young adults make up 10% of strokes that occur in the United States each year. Little research has shown the developmental and occupational disruption as a result of stroke for this population. The objective of this study was to describe young stroke survivors' perceived disruptions using developmental theory.

Functional Cognition: Distinct From Fluid and Crystallized Cognition?

Importance: Functional cognition is emerging as a professional priority for occupational therapy practice. It is important to understand how it relates to other established cognitive constructs, so that occupational therapists can demonstrate their unique contributions.

Objective: To examine whether functional cognition is a construct that is distinct from crystallized and fluid cognitive abilities.

Evaluation of an occupational therapy reentry program: Achieving goals to support employment and community living after incarceration.

Background: Individuals released from prisons to community supervision often experience unstable housing, unemployment, substance misuse, mental ill-health, and lack of support systems contributing to high rates of recidivism. Occupational therapy practitioners have distinct value in promoting engagement in new habits and routines to support "occupation," or development of daily living skills to support community reentry.

Objective: We developed an occupational therapy (OT) program within a Department of Corrections (DOC) Community Supervision Center in the Midwest United States.

The Moderating Role of Motivation in the Real-Time Associations of Fatigue, Cognitive Complaints, and Pain With Depressed Mood Among Stroke Survivors: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Objective: Stroke symptoms fluctuate during the day as stroke survivors participate in daily activities. Understanding the real-time associations among stroke symptoms and depressed mood, as well as the role of motivation for daily activities, informs, and post-stroke symptom management in the context of everyday living. This study aimed to (1) investigate the real-time associations of fatigue, cognitive complaints, and pain with depressed mood and (2) examine the role of motivation for daily activity participation as a potential moderator of these associations in stroke survivors.

Associations Between Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Motivation Underpinning Daily Activity Participation Among Community-Dwelling Survivors of Stroke: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Objective: Grounded in the self-determination theory (SDT), this study aimed to examine the real-time associations between basic psychological need satisfaction and motivation underpinning daily activity participation among survivors of stroke.

Design: Repeated-measures observational study involving 7 days of ambulatory monitoring; participants completed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys via smartphones 8 times daily. Multilevel models were used to analyze EMA data for concurrent (same survey) and lagged (next survey) associations.

Cognition and Daily Life Activities in Stroke: A Network Analysis.

Understanding complex dynamics of cognitive constructs and the interplay between cognition and daily life activities is possible through network analysis. The objectives of this study are to characterize the cognition network and identify central cognitive constructs, and identify the cognitive constructs bridging cognition and daily life activities. In 210 community-dwelling stroke survivors, we employed network analysis to characterize the cognition network, identify the central cognitive constructs, and examine the bridge pathway connecting cognition and daily life activities.

Multimodal Ambulatory Monitoring of Daily Activity and Health-Related Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Survivors of Stroke: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Validity.

Objective: To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and validity of multimodal ambulatory monitoring, which combines accelerometry with ecological momentary assessment (EMA), to assess daily activity and health-related symptoms among survivors of stroke.

Design: Prospective cohort study involving 7 days of ambulatory monitoring; participants completed 8 daily EMA surveys about daily activity and symptoms (mood, cognitive complaints, fatigue, pain) while wearing an accelerometer. Participants also completed retrospective assessments and an acceptability questionnaire.

Development and Initial Testing of the Electronic Activity Card Sort (ACS3) Among Community-Dwelling Adults.

Importance: The Activity Card Sort is a valid, widely used measure of participation. There is a need for remotely delivered measures of participation to support the growing use of telehealth.

Objective: To develop and test the concurrent validity and acceptability of the electronic Activity Card Sort (ACS3).

Racial Variation in the Association Between Domains of Depressive Symptomatology and Functional Recovery in Stroke Survivors.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between various domains of depressive symptomatology and functional recovery in Black and White stroke survivors.

Methods: Black (n = 181) and White (n = 797) stroke survivors from the Stroke Recovery in Underserved Population database were included. Four domains of depressive symptomatology (depressed affect, positive affect, somatic symptoms, interpersonal difficulties) were measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at discharge; functional recovery was measured by the Functional Independence Measure at discharge and 3-month follow-up.

Depressive Symptomatology and Functional Status Among Stroke Survivors: A Network Analysis.

Objective: To (1) characterize poststroke depressive symptom network and identify the symptoms most central to depression and (2) examine the symptoms that bridge depression and functional status.

Design: Secondary data analysis of the Stroke Recovery in Underserved Population database. Networks were estimated using regularized partial correlation models.

Psychometric properties of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale in stroke survivors.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale in adults with stroke.

Methods: A secondary analysis of the Stroke Recovery in Underserved Populations Cohort Study. The CES-D was administrated to 828 stroke patients at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation facilities and at 3- and 12-month follow-ups.

Subjective and objective assessments are associated for physical function but not cognitive function in community-dwelling stroke survivors.

Purpose: To investigate the relation between subjectively and objectively assessed cognitive and physical functioning among community-dwelling stroke survivors, and to examine the association of stroke severity with subjectively and objectively assessed cognitive and physical impairments.

Materials And Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted with 127 community-dwelling stroke survivors. For cognitive functioning, objective measures included the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and the Executive Function Performance Test; subjective measures included the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders Applied Cognition.

Cut points and sensitivity to change of the Enfranchisement scale of the Community Participation Indicators in adults with traumatic brain injury.

Background: Community participation is an important outcome of rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury. Yet, few measures assess inclusion and belonging (enfranchisement) as a dimension of community participation. The Enfranchisement scale of the Community Participation Indicators addresses this need.

Cognitive Recovery After Stroke: A Meta-analysis and Metaregression of Intervention and Cohort Studies.

Background: Cognition affects poststroke recovery, but meta-analyses of cognition have not yet provided a comparison of observational and intervention evidence.

Objective: To describe the trajectory of poststroke cognition and the factors that moderate it across intervention and observational cohorts.

Methods: Six databases were searched up to January 2020.

Cognitive dysfunction among people with systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with reduced participation in daily life.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the distribution of cognitive function in people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by objective and self-report measures and associations between cognition and participation among people with SLE.

Methods: Fifty-five volunteers with SLE (age: 39.7 ± 12.