ADHD Prescription Medications and Their Effect on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Stimulant medications used for the treatment of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are believed to provide a physical advantage in athletics, but several of these medications are not regulated by the World Anti-Doping Association. Given the prevalence of ADHD among the athlete population and concern for abuse of ADHD medications, this review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate effects of ADHD medications on athletic performance, thereby appraising the validity of claims of performance enhancement.

Methods: A search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Review databases was performed for all randomized controlled trials evaluating athletic performance after ingestion of placebo or ADHD treatment medications from August 2020 through November 2020.

Training, Injury, and Lifestyle Characteristics of Recreational Triathletes.

Triathlon is a popular sport among recreational and competitive athletes. As triathletes compete in races ranging from 16 to 140.6 miles and train in three disciplines simultaneously, it is difficult to identify injury risk factors.

Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in the Female Athlete.

Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a term used to describe a variety of disorders involving moderate to severe impairment of the pelvic floor muscles. It can be divided into two broad categories. Relaxing PFD is more common, presenting with urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, or pelvic organ prolapse.

Triathlon Injuries: Transitioning from Prevalence to Prediction and Prevention.

The Ironman triathlon began in Hawaii in 1978 with 50 participants. Since then, the race has continued to grow in popularity. Injuries are very common among triathletes.