Temperature and freezing effects on phosphorus release from soils to overlying floodwater under flooded-anaerobic conditions.

Increased phosphorus (P) availability under flooded, anaerobic conditions may accelerate P loss from soils to water bodies. Existing knowledge on P release to floodwater from flooded soils is limited to summer conditions and/or room temperatures. Spring snowmelt runoff, which occurs under cold temperatures with frequent freeze-thaw events, is the dominant mode of P loss from agricultural lands to water bodies in the Canadian Prairies.

Physician incentives for academic productivity. An analysis of orthopaedic department compensation strategies.

Background: Changes in the health-care industry have led to increasing demand for physician-driven clinical volume. This environment has altered the traditional balance among teaching, research, and service responsibilities for faculty in residency training programs. As economic pressures mount and budgets shrink, academic departments are exploring ways of paying faculty that would help to maintain the global mission of the organization.

Using financial metrics to prove and communicate value to management. Occupational health nurses as key players on the management team.

Successfully communicating value to management starts by gaining visibility and by knowing what management wants to hear. Communicating budget information, including cost savings and time value of money, is an essential skill for the occupational health nurse. The occupational health nurse must be able to speak the language of business to make a meaningful impact in the 21st century work environment.