Roadside screening tests for cannabis use: A systematic review.

As more countries legalize recreational cannabis, roadside screening programs are imperative to detect and deter driving under the influence of cannabis. This systematic review evaluated roadside screening tests for cannabis use. We searched six databases (inception-March 2020) and grey literature sources for primary studies evaluating test characteristics of roadside screening tests for cannabis use compared to laboratory tests for cannabinoids in blood or oral fluid.

Cannabis-Impaired driving: ethical considerations for the primary care practitioner.

Widespread cannabis consumption and recreational cannabis legalization is thought to have led to an increase in motor vehicle accidents, although there currently lacks ethical guidance for primary care practitioners on cannabis-impaired driving. The aim was to develop an ethical framework for primary care providers on cannabis-impaired driving. An ethical analysis in the form of a critical interpretive review was undertaken, using a systematic approach to determine the appropriate action to a given situation with evidence to substantiate its claims.

A systematic review of the effects of e-cigarette use on lung function.

Given the increasing use of e-cigarettes and uncertainty surrounding their safety, we conducted a systematic review to determine the effects of e-cigarettes on measures of lung function. We systematically searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases via Ovid, the Cochrane CENTRAL database, and the Web of Science Core from 2004 until July 2021, identifying 8856 potentially eligible studies. A total of eight studies (seven studying immediate effects and one long-term effects, 273 total participants) were included.

"Who needs an app? Fertility patients' use of a novel mobile health app".

Objective: The number of couples experiencing infertility treatment has increased, as has the number of women and men experiencing infertility treatment-related stress and anxiety. Therefore, there is a need to provide information and support to both men and women facing fertility concerns. To achieve this goal, we designed a mhealth app, that provided men and women with tailored medical, psychosocial, lifestyle, and legal information.

Ethical Considerations for the Inclusion of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Clinical Research: The PRO Ethics Guidelines.

Importance: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can inform health care decisions, regulatory decisions, and health care policy. They also can be used for audit/benchmarking and monitoring symptoms to provide timely care tailored to individual needs. However, several ethical issues have been raised in relation to PRO use.

Information needs of people seeking fertility services in Canada: a mixed methods analysis.

Background: Infertility is a challenging experience associated with high levels of psychological distress. Many people seeking fertility services use the internet to obtain information about their conditions and treatments.

Objectives: This mixed-methods study aimed to describe the information-seeking experience of people seeking fertility services with respect to the fulfillment of their individually defined information needs and explore relationships between the fulfillment of information needs and psychological outcomes.

Interventions to Prevent Drugged Driving: A Systematic Review.

Context: Literature suggests that cannabis legalization may increase fatal motor vehicle collisions. However, evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent drugged driving is limited.

Evidence Acquisition: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, SafetyLit, Criminal Justice Database, Transport Research International Documentation, bibliographies, and relevant gray literature were searched systematically through May 2020.

Association between legalization of recreational cannabis and fatal motor vehicle collisions in the United States: an ecologic study.

Background: With the recent legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada, cannabis-impaired driving is an important public safety concern. Our aim was to examine the association between recreational cannabis legalization and fatal motor vehicle collisions using data from the United States, which present a timely natural experiment of cannabis legalization.

Methods: We conducted an ecologic study using the number of fatal motor vehicle collisions and the associated number of deaths for US jurisdictions with legalized recreational cannabis (2007-2018) retrieved from the US Fatality Analysis Reporting System.

Recency of immigration and utilization of dental care services in Canada.

Objectives: To investigate the association between recency of immigration to Canada and the utilization of dental health services.

Methods: The cross-sectional study sample (n = 2137) was drawn from the 2015-2016 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). It consisted of Canadian residents aged 12 years and older who resided in the two provinces and one territory who opted into the optional dental module and gave valid responses to the questions 'How often do you usually see a dental professional, such as a dentist, a dental hygienist or a denturologist?' and 'Length of time since immigration to Canada?' for the outcome and independent variable, respectively.

Identifying and Classifying Tools for Health Policy Ethics Review: A Systematic Search and Review.

Ethical review and analysis of health policy may help to ensure policies address the needs of society and align with relevant values and principles. Indeed, researchers and bioethicists have recognized the need for ethical frameworks specifically for public health applications. The objective of this research was to compile structured tools for ethical review of (drafted or existing) health policy and to analyze these tools for their scope and philosophical underpinnings.

Physician Perspectives on Mammography Screening for Average-Risk Women: "Like a Double-Edged Sword".

Background: On balance, the benefits and harms of mammography screening put systematic screening for average-risk women into question. Since screening decisions frequently occur in primary care, it is important to understand what family physicians think of the evidence on mammography screening, and how they intend to use this information in practice.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we obtained data from a group of physician participants who rated the daily Patient-Oriented Evidence that Matters (POEM), which is a short, research-based synopsis.

Predictors of infertility-related concerns in a Canadian survey of men and women seeking fertility treatment.

Objective: To examine if and how factors associated with infertility-related concerns and opportunity to discuss concerns differ between male and female fertility patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 313 female and 254 male patients recruited from Canadian fertility clinics. An online survey asked about sociodemographic characteristics, psychological distress, the severity of psychosocial concerns on a scale of 0 (not concerned) to 5 (very concerned) related to fertility treatment, and their opportunity and desire to discuss concerns with healthcare providers (HCPs).

Towards a Patient-Centred Regulation of Gamete Donation in Canada.

Commercial gamete donation in Canada is prohibited by the Assisted Human Reproduction Act. However, the Act permits gamete recipients to reimburse donors for donation-related expenses. Until recently, the types of expenses that were eligible and the process for reimbursing donors were not specified.

Engaging older adults in discharge planning: case studies illuminating approaches adopted by family members that promote relational autonomy.

Discharge decisions have significant implications for older adults and their involved family members. Evidence of older adult and family members' engagement in discharge decision-making, however, varies widely. Some recent work shows assumed associations between ageing, diminished participation in healthcare decision-making and increased reliance on family members.

Scrutinizing screening: a critical interpretive review of primary care provider perspectives on mammography decision-making with average-risk women.

Context: A decision to undertake screening for breast cancer often takes place within the primary care setting, but current controversies such as overdiagnosis and inconsistent screening recommendations based on evolving evidence render this a challenging process, particularly for average-risk women. Given the responsibility of primary care providers in counseling women in this decision-making process, it is important to understand their thoughts on these controversies and how they manage uncertainty in their practice.

Objective: To review the perspectives and approaches of primary care providers regarding mammography decision-making with average-risk women.

Guidelines for Inclusion of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Clinical Trial Protocols: The SPIRIT-PRO Extension.

Importance: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) data from clinical trials can provide valuable evidence to inform shared decision making, labeling claims, clinical guidelines, and health policy; however, the PRO content of clinical trial protocols is often suboptimal. The SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) statement was published in 2013 and aims to improve the completeness of trial protocols by providing evidence-based recommendations for the minimum set of items to be addressed, but it does not provide PRO-specific guidance.

Objective: To develop international, consensus-based, PRO-specific protocol guidance (the SPIRIT-PRO Extension).

Promoting an ethic of engagement in pediatric palliative care research.

Background: This paper defends the ethical and empirical significance of direct engagement with terminally ill children and adolescents in PPC research on health-related quality of life. Clinical trials and other forms of health research have resulted in tremendous progress for improving clinical outcomes among children and adolescents diagnosed with a life-threatening illness. Less attention has been paid, however, to engaging this patient population directly in studies aimed at optimizing health-related quality of life in PPC.

Contradictions in client-centred discharge planning: through the lens of relational autonomy.

Background: While client-centred practice has received wide support, it remains difficult to apply in many practice settings. Identified barriers include constraints on time, resources, and services imposed by healthcare policies. Healthcare professionals' prioritizing of client safety over (other) interests that clients may name may further restrict the application of client-centred practice.

Transforming mental health services: a participatory mixed methods study to promote and evaluate the implementation of recovery-oriented services.

Background: Since 2007, the Mental Health Commission of Canada has worked collaboratively across all provinces to publish a framework and strategy for recovery and well-being. This federal document is now mandated as policy for implementation between 2012 and 2017. The proposed strategies have been written into provincial health plans, hospital accreditation standards, and annual objectives of psychiatric departments and community organizations.

A Comparison of Immigrant and Canadian-Born Patients Seeking Fertility Treatment.

The present study examined whether public funding for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in Quebec, Canada was associated with differential access among Canadian-born infertility patients and those born outside of Canada. Anonymous demographic questionnaires were completed at 3 time points: 2 weeks before the implementation of public funding, 2 weeks after, and 8 months later. Almost half the patients were not born in Canada and of these, 35 % were recent immigrants to Canada.