Long-term Follow-up of Preoperative Infant Event-related Potentials in School-age Children with Craniosynostosis.

Background: Previous studies demonstrated impaired auditory processing in children with sagittal and metopic craniosynostosis before surgical correction. This study investigated whether worse presurgical neural response as assessed by event-related potentials (ERP) was predictive of poorer school-age neurocognition.

Methods: Preoperative infant ERP was recorded in 15 sagittal and 18 metopic patients.

Functional Network Development in Sagittal Craniosynostosis Treated With Whole Vault Cranioplasty.

Introduction: In this study, the authors seek to clarify the neurological changes before and after whole vault cranioplasty (WVC) in patients born with sagittal craniosynostosis.

Methods: A case control study design was performed that included thirty functional MRI scans, from 25 individual patients. Functional MRI and diffusion tension imaging data were analyzed with BioImageSuite (Yale University, USA).

Long-Term Neurocognitive Outcomes in Sagittal Synostosis: The Impact of Reoperation.

Introduction: Optimal age at surgery in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis continues to be debated. Previous reports suggest that earlier age at whole vault cranioplasty more frequently requires reoperation. It is unknown, however, whether reoperation affects neurocognitive outcome.

Preferences of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Persons in Gender-Confirming Surgical Care: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Increased awareness for transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals may lead to increased demand for surgical interventions in gender-confirming care. However, limited literature exists regarding transgender and gender-nonconforming preferences and experiences with medical or surgical care. The authors aim to characterize the medical and surgical care sought by this population, as well as their surgical preferences, motivations, and barriers to care.

Significance of Friction and Shear in the Prevention of Contemporary Hospital-acquired Pressure Ulcers.

Background: Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) are largely preventable yet still common occurrences in hospitals. The purpose of the current study is to determine how data from the electronic medical record can be used to better understand and predict HAPU formation over the course of a hospital admission.

Methods: A case-control study on HAPUs was performed over an 8-month period at Yale New Haven Hospital.

An Investigation of Brain Functional Connectivity by Form of Craniosynostosis.

Purpose: Long-term neurocognitive sequelae of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) patients are just beginning to be clarified. This study uses functional MRI (fMRI) to determine if there is evidence of altered brain functional connectivity in NSC, and whether these aberrations vary by form of synostosis.

Methods: Twenty adolescent participants with surgically treated NSC (10 sagittal synostosis, 5 right unilateral coronal synostosis [UCS], 5 metopic synostosis [MSO]) were individually matched to controls by age, gender, and handedness.

What is the Functional Difference Between Sagittal With Metopic and Isolated Sagittal Craniosynotosis?

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to understand the neurological differences between patients born with combined sagittal and metopic craniosynostosis (SMc) and isolated sagittal craniosynostosis (ISc) by studying aberrations in functional brain connectivity and white matter microstructure, before surgery, utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods: The authors collected DTI and resting-state (ie, no sedation and asleep) functional connectivity MRI data in 10 infant patients preoperatively: 5 in the SMc group (4.3 ± 1 months) and 5 in the ISc group (4.

Understanding the Learning Disabilities Linked to Sagittal Craniosynostosis.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate further findings that corroborate similarities between corrected sagittal craniosynostosis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim is to further characterize the neurocognitive deficits seen in adolescents with corrected craniosynostosis by comparing it to established learning deficits such as ADHD.

Methods: A total of 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 10 sagittal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (sNSC), 10 ADHD-combined, and 10 control adolescents were studied.

Three-dimensional Analysis of How Radiation Affects Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) Flap Volume, Projection, and Position in Breast Cancer Reconstruction.

Background: The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap has gained popularity for autologous free flap breast reconstruction. Historically, patients receiving post mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) were not candidates for immediate autologous reconstruction due to concerns for flap volume depletion, fat necrosis, and flap failure. However, this literature is anecdotal and lacks case controls.

Normalization of Speech Processing After Whole-Vault Cranioplasty in Sagittal Synostosis.

Background: Neurocognitive studies have found impairments in language-related abilities in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, highlighting clinical importance of early language processing. In this study, neural response to speech sounds in infants with nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis (NSC) is compared, preoperatively and postoperatively, using event-related potentials (ERPs) to objectively characterize development in language processing.

Methods: Electroencephalogram was recorded while 39 infants (12 NSC and 27 controls; ages 73-283 days) listened to the Hindi dental /(Equation is included in full-text article.

The Hand Surgeon Consultation Improves Patient Knowledge in a Hand Surgery Mission to Honduras.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess impact of the surgeon consultation and informed consent process on patient education in an international hand surgery mission compared with a US academic hand surgery practice. These two groups were selected to evaluate communication difficulties in a surgical mission setting compared with standard of care in a high-income country.

Methods: A multi-part survey was administered to patients presenting to a hand surgery mission during March 2012 and new patients of a university hand center in a 3-month period during 2011.

The Etiology of Neuronal Development in Craniosynostosis: A Working Hypothesis.

Craniosynostosis is one of the most common craniofacial conditions treated by neurologic and plastic surgeons. In addition to disfigurement, children with craniosynostosis experience significant cognitive dysfunction later in life. Surgery is performed in infancy to correct skull deformity; however, the field is at a crossroads regarding the best approach for correction.

Functional and Quality of Life Outcomes of a Hand Surgery Mission to Honduras.

The objective of this study was to assess functional, quality of life, and satisfaction outcomes of a hand surgery short-term surgical mission (STSM) to Honduras, and determine whether patient demographics and surgery characteristics during a surgical mission correlate with outcome. A total of 63 patients who received upper extremity surgery at a week-long hand surgery STSM to Honduras in March 2013 participated in the study. A before-after study design was used.

Two locus inheritance of non-syndromic midline craniosynostosis via rare and common alleles.

Premature fusion of the cranial sutures (craniosynostosis), affecting 1 in 2000 newborns, is treated surgically in infancy to prevent adverse neurologic outcomes. To identify mutations contributing to common non-syndromic midline (sagittal and metopic) craniosynostosis, we performed exome sequencing of 132 parent-offspring trios and 59 additional probands. Thirteen probands (7%) had damaging de novo or rare transmitted mutations in , an inhibitor of BMP - induced osteoblast differentiation (p<10).

The effect of aromatase inhibition on the cognitive function of older patients with breast cancer.

Introduction: This study evaluated the association between aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy and cognitive function (over a 6-month period) in a cohort of patients aged ≥ 60 years compared with an age-matched healthy control group, and it evaluated changes in regional cerebral metabolism as measured by positron emission tomography (PET) scans of the brain done in a subset of the patient cohort.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-five patients (32 evaluable) and 35 healthy controls were recruited to this study. Patients with breast cancer completed a neuropsychological battery, self-reported memory questionnaire, and geriatric assessment before initiation of AI therapy and again 6 months later.