Experimental evaluation of respiratory droplet spread to rooms connected by a central ventilation system.

This article presents results from an experimental study to ascertain the transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 virus between rooms in a building that are connected by a central ventilation system. Respiratory droplet surrogates made of mucus and virus mimics were released in one room in a test building, and measurements of concentration levels were made in other rooms connected via the ventilation system. The paper presents experimental results for different ventilation system configurations, including ventilation rate, filtration level (up to MERV-13), and fractional outdoor air intake.

Metabarcoding Reveals Lacustrine Picocyanobacteria Respond to Environmental Change Through Adaptive Community Structuring.

Picocyanobacteria (Pcy) are important yet understudied components of lake foodwebs. While phylogenetic studies of isolated strains reveal a high diversity of freshwater genotypes, little is known about abiotic drivers associated with Pcy in different lakes. Due to methodological limitations, most previous studies assess potential drivers using total cell abundances as a response, with often conflicting and inconsistent results.

The rapid, mass invasion of New Zealand by North American "".

Nonindigenous members of the complex have been found in many lakes in New Zealand (NZ) in the past 20 years, suggesting a recent invasion. However, very little is known about the precise phylogenetic origin of invasive , whether each lake is invaded by a single clone or multiple clones, the lineage of the invasive clones, and whether they are obligately asexual clones. Furthermore, the source and time of arrival of the invasive genotype(s) are unclear.

Spatial abundance and distribution of picocyanobacterial communities in two contrasting lakes revealed using environmental DNA metabarcoding.

Freshwater picocyanobacteria (Pcy) are important yet understudied components of lake ecosystems. Most previous studies have relied on cell abundances to assess Pcy dynamics in largely oligotrophic lakes, while little is known about spatial diversity and dynamics across different lake types. In the present study we assessed the horizontal-spatial abundance and community structure of Pcy in two contrasting (oligotrophic and hypertrophic) New Zealand lakes using epifluorescence microscopy and 16S rRNA metabarcoding.

Factors that Influence the Decision to Seek Help in a Police Population.

Police officers face many competing pressures and demands. Exposure to potentially traumatic incidents and significant job-related stressors can place many at higher risk of developing physical and mental health problems. The police culture exerts a pronounced influence on officers, preventing some from asking for or receiving assistance.

Special Report From the Society for the Advancement of Blood Management: The Choosing Wisely Campaign.

Over 7 years ago, the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation (ABIM) created the national Choosing Wisely campaign with the purpose of encouraging active dialogue between health care providers and patients, focusing on appropriateness, quality care, and resource management. This special communication from the Society for the Advancement of Blood Management (SABM) serves to highlight the society's recent participation in the Choosing Wisely campaign, encouraging sensible dialogue between clinicians and our patients with the intent to promote patient-centered, evidence-based care. The article addresses the rationale and supportive data for the 5 SABM Choosing Wisely recommendations.

Use of administrative data to increase the practicality of clinical trials: Insights from the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: To reduce research costs in the context of pragmatic trials, consideration is given to using administrative data (Medicare claims) to ascertain clinical outcomes.

Methods: In the historical context of the Women's Health Initiative, the correspondence between selected cardiovascular events derived from Medicare claims was compared to those documented and adjudicated in this large-scale prevention trial.

Results: Classification performance varies somewhat by type of outcome, but hazard ratios and confidence intervals derived from the two data sources were quite comparable.

A Fatty Acid Based Bayesian Approach for Inferring Diet in Aquatic Consumers.

We modified the stable isotope mixing model MixSIR to infer primary producer contributions to consumer diets based on their fatty acid composition. To parameterize the algorithm, we generated a 'consumer-resource library' of FA signatures of Daphnia fed different algal diets, using 34 feeding trials representing diverse phytoplankton lineages. This library corresponds to the resource or producer file in classic Bayesian mixing models such as MixSIR or SIAR.

Blinded, controlled field trial of two commercially available Mycoplasma bovis bacterin vaccines in veal calves.

Mycoplasma bovis is an etiologic agent of pneumonia, arthritis, and otitis in young calves, such as those found in the special-fed veal industry. We conducted a blinded, controlled trial of two commercially available M. bovis bacterin vaccines for the prevention of respiratory disease in calves associated with M.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a 13 year-old child associated with human papillomaviruses 16 and 18: a case report and review of the literature.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx is extremely rare in adolescents and typically has an aggressive nature. The mechanism of laryngeal oncogenesis is complex and little is known about the role that human papillomavirus (HPV) plays in SCC in adolescents. We report a case of invasive laryngeal SCC that co-expressed HPV DNA subtypes 16 and 18 in a 13 year-old boy.

The immunology of composite tissue transplantation.

Composite tissue allotransplantation holds great potential for reconstructive surgery. That these procedures can be successful has been clearly demonstrated by the success of hand, face, and larynx transplants around the world. Although the immunology of composite tissue allotransplantation mirrors that of any allogeneic organ transplant, there are several unique aspects to these grafts.

Cd(II) binding by particulate low-rank coals in aqueous media: sorption characteristics and NICA-Donnan models.

An experimental investigation of Cd(II) sorption onto two Australian coals was carried out in 0.1 M NaNO3 at 298.2 K.

Surgical management of conjunctival lymphangiectasis by conjunctival resection.

Purpose: To report the treatment of symptomatic conjunctival lymphangiectasis with conjunctival resection.

Design: Interventional case series.

Methods: Retrospective review of three cases of patients with symptomatic unilateral conjunctival lymphangiectasis who had conjunctival resection of the involved tissue down to bare sclera.

Effects of crowding and different food levels on growth and reproductive investment of Daphnia.

The effects of daphniid crowding on juvenile growth rate, length at first reproduction, clutch size and egg size of four species of Daphnia were compared with the effects of food level. Juvenile Daphnia were grown to primipary in a flow-through system in water conditioned by different densities of the same, or another, species. At high ambient food levels, water from Daphnia that had been crowded at densities ≥150 l depressed growth rate and lowered body size and clutch size of D.

The influence of temperature and resource level on the fecundity of a predatory planktonic mite, Piona exigua Viets.

Piona exigua Viets is a predaceous freshwater mite that can potentially affect the population densities of its cladoceran prey. As part of a study of the effect of Piona exigua on its prey populations we measured the effects of water temperature and prey density on the lifespan, age at first reproduction and per capita egg production of adult female mites. Mites were raised in the laboratory at five prey (Ceriodaphnia, Daphnia) densities (5, 15, 30, 60, 120/l) at 15° C and at four temperatures (10, 15, 18, 22° C) at c.

Prey selectivity of Piona exigua, a planktonic water mite.

Females, males and nymphs of Piona exigua were observed during prey capture and ingestion. The encounter radius of the mite was very small, allowing the escape of some crustaceans, such as the calanoid copepod Boeckella. Cladocerans, such as Bosmina or Chydorus, with little or no pre-contact escape response were the most vulnerable to mite predation.