A comparison of the associations of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, Section II personality disorders and Section III personality domains with clinical dysfunction in a psychiatric patient sample.

In this study, we compare the incremental predictive capacities of the , Section II personality disorders (SII-PDs) with Section III trait domains of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) in a psychiatric outpatient sample ( = 185). To this end, a series of hierarchical regression analyses was conducted in which the 10 SII-PDs and the five AMPD trait domains served as the predictor variables and five areas of clinical dysfunction as the criterion variables. Two models for each criterion were tested.

Comparing two domain scoring methods for the Personality Inventory for DSM-5.

The Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (PID-5) has become a popular measure of personality pathology, with widespread usage extending beyond its original purpose to aid in the diagnosis of personality disorders. There are 2 methods for scoring the 5 higher order domain scales (Negative Affect, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition, Psychoticism) of this instrument, both of which are used with similar frequency. Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, and Skodol (2012) initially used a scoring method for the 5 domains that included all 25 of the lower order facets.

Clarifying the interstitial nature of facets from the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 using the five factor model of personality.

Although the higher order structure of the Personality Inventory for the (PID-5; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, 2012), is well-established, the lower order structure and facet-to-domain assignment is inconsistent across studies. Some studies used the five-factor model of adaptive personality (FFM) as a framework to evaluate and characterize this lower order structure; however, findings have been limited in various respects including the use of primarily Caucasian and nonclinical samples. The goal of the current investigation was to clarify and extend knowledge of the lower order structure of the PID-5 through joint PID-5/FFM analysis using an ethnically diverse undergraduate sample ( = 492) and psychiatric patient sample ( = 388).

Meta-analysis to derive an empirically based set of personality facet criteria for the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders.

The alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) is outlined in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. This model includes 25 dimensional trait facets that are used as criteria for six personality disorders in addition to impairment in functioning. Numerous previous studies have examined the degree to which the proposed trait facets converge with the Section II personality disorders (PDs) they are meant to capture, but the results from these various studies have been inconsistent.

A meta-analysis of the five-factor internal structure of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5.

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) in the , fifth edition, Section III, presents a new approach to conceptualizing personality psychopathology and diagnosing personality disorders. The (PID-5) was designed to measure Criterion B of the AMPD and is composed of 25 lower-order facet trait scales that form 5 higher-order domain trait scales. Although the PID-5 has mostly adequate to strong psychometric qualities, the lower-order factor structure of PID-5 facet scales has shown considerable variability across studies, and several PID-5 facets scales show evidence of interstitiality-the cross-loading of facets onto more than 1 domain.

An Examination of the Topology and Measurement of the Alexithymia Construct Using Network Analysis.

There is some ongoing controversy surrounding the definition and measurement of the alexithymia construct. Whereas most researchers describe 4 components comprising the construct (difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, restricted fantasizing, and externally oriented thinking), some include a 5th component, which is defined as "reduced experiencing of emotional feelings." This study examined the topology and measurement of alexithymia using the method of network analysis with data from a heterogeneous multilanguage sample (N = 1,696) that had completed the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ; Vorst & Bermond, 2001 ).

Illuminating the theoretical components of alexithymia using bifactor modeling and network analysis.

Alexithymia is a multifaceted personality construct that reflects deficits in affect awareness (difficulty identifying feelings, DIF; difficulty describing feelings, DDF) and operative thinking (externally oriented thinking, EOT; restricted imaginal processes, IMP), and is associated with several common psychiatric disorders. Over the years, researchers have debated the components that comprise the construct with some suggesting that IMP and EOT may reflect constructs somewhat distinct from alexithymia. In this investigation, we attempt to clarify the components and their interrelationships using a large heterogeneous multilanguage sample (N = 839), and an interview-based assessment of alexithymia (Toronto Structured Interview for Alexithymia; TSIA).

Cross-cultural examination of measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-II.

Given substantial rates of major depressive disorder among college and university students, as well as the growing cultural diversity on many campuses, establishing the cross-cultural validity of relevant assessment tools is important. In the current investigation, we examined the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) among Chinese-heritage (n = 933) and European-heritage (n = 933) undergraduates in North America. The investigation integrated 3 distinct lines of inquiry: (a) the literature on cultural variation in depressive symptom reporting between people of Chinese and Western heritage; (b) recent developments regarding the factor structure of the BDI-II; and (c) the application of advanced statistical techniques to the issue of cross-cultural measurement invariance.