Acute-Phase Levels of CXCL8 as Risk Factor for Chronic Arthralgia Following Chikungunya Virus Infection.

The immunopathogenesis of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and the role of acute-phase immune response on joint pain persistence is not fully understood. We investigated the profile of serum chemokine and cytokine in CHIKV-infected patients with acute disease, compared the levels of these biomarkers to those of patients with other acute febrile diseases (OAFD) and healthy controls (HC), and evaluated their role as predictors of chronic arthralgia development. Chemokines and cytokines were measured by flow Cytometric Bead Array.

Activation of an Effective Immune Response after Yellow Fever Vaccination Is Associated with the Genetic Background and Early Response of IFN-γ and CLEC5A.

The yellow fever vaccine (YF17DD) is highly effective with a single injection conferring protection for at least 10 years. The YF17DD induces polyvalent responses, with a TH1/TH2 CD4 profile, robust T CD8 responses, and synthesis of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), culminating in high titers of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, C-type lectin domain containing 5A (CLEC5A) has been implicated in innate outcomes in other flaviviral infections.

Host genetics and dengue fever.

Dengue is a major worldwide problem in tropical and subtropical areas; it is caused by four different viral serotypes, and it can manifest as asymptomatic, mild, or severe. Many factors interact to determine the severity of the disease, including the genetic profile of the infected patient. However, the mechanisms that lead to severe disease and eventually death have not been determined, and a great challenge is the early identification of patients who are more likely to progress to a worse health condition.

Association of rs1285933 single nucleotide polymorphism in CLEC5A gene with dengue severity and its functional effects.

Outbreaks of the Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses, especially in the Americas, pose a global threat due to their rapid spread and difficulty controlling the vector. Extreme phenotypes are often observed, from asymptomatic to severe clinical manifestations, which are well-studied in dengue. Host variations are also important contributors to disease outcomes, and many case-control studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with severe dengue.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in IL17A and IL6 Are Associated with Decreased Risk for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Southern Brazilian Population.

In Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, the complex interaction of host immune system and the mycobacteria is associated with levels of cytokines production that play a major role in determining the outcome of the disease. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes have been associated with tuberculosis (TB) outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between previously reported SNPs IL2-330 T>G (rs2069762); IL4-590 C>T (rs2243250); IL6-174 G>C (rs1800795); IL10-592 A>C (rs1800872); IL10-1082 G>A (rs1800896); IL17A -692 C>T (rs8193036); IL17A -197 G>A (rs2275913); TNF -238 G>A (rs361525); TNF -308 G>A (rs1800629) and IFNG +874 T>A (rs2430561) and pulmonary TB (PTB) susceptibility.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes and dengue severity in children: a case-control, functional and meta-analysis study.

Dengue is an arthropod-borne emerging viral disease with high morbidity and mortality risk in tropical countries like Brazil. Clinical manifestations are vast, ranging from asymptomatic to most severe forms of dengue such as shock. Previous data have shown that host genetics play a role in disease susceptibility and severity.