Clinical Outcomes of Benzodiazepine Prescribing for People Receiving Opioid Agonist Treatment: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.

Many countries are experiencing an increased use of unregulated benzodiazepines in combination with opioids and other drugs, which contributes to drug-related harm. This descriptive review identifies and synthesises the outcomes of studies co-prescribing benzodiazepines and opioids. A systematic review was undertaken in Medline, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Embase, and the Cochrane databases covering publications from 1 January 1991 to 18 November 2021.

Association between benzodiazepine coprescription and mortality in people on opioid replacement therapy: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the association between opioid replacement therapy (ORT) and benzodiazepine (BZD) coprescription and all-cause mortality compared with the prescription of ORT alone.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Setting: Scotland, UK.

Multiple traumatic experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder and offending behaviour in female prisoners.

Background: Although it is well established that prisoners commonly have histories of childhood trauma, little is known about mediators between exposure to trauma and criminal behaviour.

Hypotheses: We hypothesised that the experience of trauma in adulthood, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotional dysregulation would mediate the relationship between childhood traumatic events and later criminal behaviour.

Methods: Eighty-nine female prisoners were interviewed using standardised scales, in a cross-sectional study design.

Thioredoxin interacting protein and its association with clinical outcome in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

The overall prognosis for operable gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma remains poor and therefore neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard of care, in addition to radical surgery. Certain anticancer agents (e.g.

Redox environment, free radical, and oxidative DNA damage.

Significance: Effective redox homeostasis is critical, and disruption of this process can have important cellular consequences. An array of systems protect the cell from potentially damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS), however if these systems are overwhelmed, for example, in aberrantly functioning cells, ROS can have a number of detrimental consequences, including DNA damage. Oxidative DNA damage can be repaired by a number of DNA repair pathways, such as base excision repair (BER).

The prognostic and predictive power of redox protein expression for anthracycline-based chemotherapy response in locally advanced breast cancer.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard of care for locally advanced primary breast cancer. Anthracycline-based regimens have proven to be one of the most effective treatments in this setting. As certain cytotoxic antineoplastic agents, such as anthracyclines, generate reactive oxygen species as a by-product of their mechanism of action, we examined whether redox protein expression was involved in the response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy and with clinical outcome.

Calpain-2 expression is associated with response to platinum based chemotherapy, progression-free and overall survival in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is routinely treated with surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Resistance is a major obstacle in the efficacy of this chemotherapy regimen and the ability to identify those patients at risk of developing resistance is of considerable clinical importance. The expression of calpain-1, calpain-2 and calpastatin were determined using standard immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray of 154 primary ovarian carcinomas from patients subsequently treated with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Expression of thioredoxin system and related peroxiredoxin proteins is associated with clinical outcome in radiotherapy treated early stage breast cancer.

Background And Purpose: Deregulated redox systems provide cancer cells protection from increased oxidative stress, such as that induced by ionizing radiation. Expression of the thioredoxin system proteins (thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin interacting protein) and downstream peroxiredoxins (I-VI), was examined in tumor specimens from early stage breast cancer patients, subsequently treated by breast conserving surgery and locoregional radiotherapy, to determine if redox protein expression is associated with clinical outcome.

Material And Methods: Nuclear and cytoplasmic expression was assessed using conventional immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray of 224 tumors.

Calpastatin is associated with lymphovascular invasion in breast cancer.

Metastasis of breast cancer is a major contributor to mortality. Histological assessment of vascular invasion (VI) provides important prognostic information and demonstrates that VI occurs predominantly via lymphatics in breast cancer. We sought to examine genes and proteins involved in lymphovascular invasion (LVI) to understand the mechanisms of this key disease process.

Analysis of tumor and endothelial cell viability and survival using sulforhodamine B and clonogenic assays.

A variety of assays, and rationales for their use, exist to monitor viability and/or survival following cellular exposure to insult. Two commonly used in vitro assays are the sulforhodamine B assay and the clonogenic survival assay which can be used to monitor the efficacy of anticancer agents, either via direct tumor cell cytotoxicity or antiangiogenic mechanisms. The techniques described are suitable for studying survival in a number of different cell types; however, this chapter describes how they may be used in the assessment of chemo-/radiosensitivity.

Redox protein expression predicts radiotherapeutic response in early-stage invasive breast cancer patients.

Purpose: Early-stage invasive breast cancer patients have commonly undergone breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy. In a large majority of these patients, the treatment is effective; however, a proportion will develop local recurrence. Deregulated redox systems provide cancer cells protection from increased oxidative stress, such as that induced by ionizing radiation.

Calpain-1 expression is associated with relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab following adjuvant chemotherapy.

The calpain family, and their endogenous inhibitor calpastatin, has been implicated in cancer progression, and recent in vitro data have indicated a role in trastuzumab resistance. The aims of our study were to examine expression levels of calpastatin, calpain-1 and calpain-2 in breast tumours from patients treated with trastuzumab following adjuvant chemotherapy to determine their potential as biomarkers to predict therapeutic response. The expression of calpastatin, calpain-1 and calpain-2 was determined, using immunohistochemistry (IHC), in tumours from a series of 93 patients with primary breast cancer treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab followed by trastuzumab to complete 1 year of therapy.

Redox protein expression predicts progression-free and overall survival in ovarian cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.

Ovarian cancer is primarily treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, with ROS generation implicated in cytotoxicity. We examined redox protein expression in ovarian tumors, focusing on the thioredoxin system, to determine the role it might play in mediating response to therapy. Nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, thioredoxin-interacting protein, metallothionein, and glutathione S-transferase Pi was assessed, using standard immunohistochemical techniques, on a tissue microarray of 154 primary ovarian carcinomas obtained from patients subsequently treated with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy.