Reduction in Ochratoxin A Occurrence in Coffee: From Good Practices to Biocontrol Agents.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by section and section across the coffee chain. OTA is nephrotoxic and is a threat to human health. This review summarizes current knowledge on how to reduce OTA concentration in coffee from farm to cup.

Biocontrol activities of yeasts or lactic acid bacteria isolated from Robusta coffee against Aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin A production in vitro.

Biocontrol Agents (BCAs) can be an eco-friendly alternative to fungicides to reduce the contamination with mycotoxigenic fungi on coffee. In the present study, different strains of bacteria and yeasts were isolated from Ivorian Robusta coffee. Their ability to reduce fungal growth and Ochratoxin A (OTA) production during their confrontation against Aspergillus carbonarius was screened on solid media.

The Influence of Long-Term Storage on the Epiphytic Microbiome of Postharvest Apples and on Occurrence and Patulin Accumulation.

Patulin is a secondary metabolite primarily synthesized by the fungus , which is responsible for blue mold disease on apples. The latter are highly susceptible to fungal infection in the postharvest stages. Apples destined to produce compotes are processed throughout the year, which implies that long periods of storage are required under controlled atmospheres.

Impacts of abiotic factors on the growth of three commercial biological control agents, on the growth and mycotoxinogenesis of Fusarium graminearum and on their interaction.

Background: Evolving climatic conditions impact the behavior of microorganisms. The lack of efficiency of beneficial microorganisms against pathogens can be due to these evolving abiotic factors more favorable to the development and adaptation of pathogens. It is therefore of great interest to understand their impact (especially temperature increase and relative humidity (RH) variation) on pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms.

Contribution of omics to biopreservation: Toward food microbiome engineering.

Biopreservation is a sustainable approach to improve food safety and maintain or extend food shelf life by using beneficial microorganisms or their metabolites. Over the past 20 years, omics techniques have revolutionised food microbiology including biopreservation. A range of methods including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and meta-omics derivatives have highlighted the potential of biopreservation to improve the microbial safety of various foods.

Antifungal and antimycotoxic activities of 3 essential oils against 3 mycotoxinogenic fungi.

Fungal toxins can have various adverse health effects, including carcinogenic, teratogenic or hepatotoxic impacts. In addition, fungal alteration has also a negative impact on agricultural plant production. The use of chemical fungicides to control mycotoxin contamination is increasingly controversial and regulated.

Biocontrol Agents Reduce Progression and Mycotoxin Production of in Spikelets and Straws of Wheat.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interactions between wheat plant (spikelets and straws), a strain of mycotoxigenic pathogen and commercial biocontrol agents (BCAs). The ability of BCAs to colonize plant tissue and inhibit the pathogen or its toxin production was observed throughout two phases of the life cycle of pathogens in natural conditions (colonization and survival). All evaluated BCAs showed effective reduction capacities of pathogenic traits.

Biocontrol Agents: Toolbox for the Screening of Weapons against Mycotoxigenic .

The aim of this study was to develop a set of experiments to screen and decipher the mechanisms of biocontrol agents (BCAs), isolated from commercial formulation, against two major mycotoxigenic fungi in cereals, and . These two phytopathogens produce mycotoxins harmful to human and animal health and are responsible for the massive use of pesticides, for the protection of cereals. It is therefore essential to better understand the mechanisms of action of alternative control strategies such as the use of BCAs in order to optimize their applications.

New Isolated Strains from Apples for Postharvest Biocontrol of and Patulin Accumulation.

Wild yeasts isolated from the surface of apples were screened for antagonistic activity against , the main producer of the mycotoxin patulin. Three antagonistic yeasts (Y33, Y29 and Y24) from a total of 90 were found to inhibit growth. Identification by ITS region sequence and characterization showed that three selected isolates of yeast should be different strains of Several concentrations of the selected yeasts were used to study their in vitro antifungal effectivity against on Petri dishes (plates with 63.

Growth Inhibition and Aflatoxin B Decontamination by Isolates and Their Metabolites.

Aflatoxin B is a potent carcinogen produced by , mainly during grain storage. As pre-harvest methods are insufficient to avoid mycotoxin presence during storage, diverse curative techniques are being investigated for the inhibition of fungal growth and aflatoxin detoxification. spp.

Microbiome Status of Cider-Apples, from Orchard to Processing, with a Special Focus on Occurrence and Patulin Contamination.

Patulin is a secondary metabolite produced primarily by the fungus , responsible for the blue mold disease on apples. It is found in apple products including apple cider when apple juice is added after fermentation. In the present study, two hundred and twenty-five cider-apples of the variety "Bedan", cultivated in Brittany in France, were sampled from the orchard during harvesting until the storage step, right before processing.

Mass spectrometry-based detection and risk assessment of mycotoxin contamination of 'kankankan' used for roasted meat consumption in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

'Kankankan' is a popular spice powder used to season roasted meat in Côte d'Ivoire. However, produced in a traditional way, the conditions of production and storage of kankankan favour the proliferation of mycotoxin-producing fungal strains. The aim of this study was to carry out an inventory of mycotoxin contamination of this spice powder and to assess risk exposure to consumers.

Minimizing Ochratoxin A Contamination through the Use of Actinobacteria and Their Active Molecules.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite produced by fungal pathogens such as , which develops in food commodities during storage such as cereals, grapes, and coffee. It represents public health concerns due to its genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of actinobacteria and their metabolites to degrade OTA and/or to decrease its production.

Commercial Biocontrol Agents Reveal Contrasting Comportments Against Two Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Cereals: and .

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of commercialized biological control agents (BCAs) against two major mycotoxigenic fungi in cereals, and , which are trichothecene and fumonisin producers, respectively. With these objectives in mind, three commercial BCAs were selected with contrasting uses and microorganism types (, , ) and a culture medium was identified to develop an optimized dual culture bioassay method. Their comportment was examined in dual culture bioassay in vitro with both fusaria to determine growth and mycotoxin production kinetics.

Study of in vitro interaction between Fusarium verticillioides and Streptomyces sp. using metabolomics.

The Streptomyces sp. strain AV05 isolated from an organic amendment was found to impact both growth and fumonisin production of Fusarium verticillioides during in vitro direct confrontation. In order to investigate the interactions between the Streptomyces sp.

Effect of different light wavelengths on the growth and ochratoxin A production in Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus westerdijkiae.

The effects of light at different wavelengths and photoperiod on growth and ochratoxin A production of Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus westerdijkiae were studied: far-red (740 nm), red (625 nm), blue (445 nm), and UV-A (366 nm). Fungal growth was not significantly affected by photoperiod or light wavelength; the only exception was A. westerdijkiae which showed reduced growth under UV-A light (366 nm).

Investigations of Saccharothrix algeriensis growth on synthetic media.

Development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has lead to investigations of rare bacteria, which produce new bioactive molecules. Saccharothrix algriensis has been isolated from the desert Maghreb. It produces dithiolopyrrolones, some of which were newly identified.

Mutation of exposed hydrophobic amino acids to arginine to increase protein stability.

Background: One strategy to increase the stability of proteins is to reduce the area of water-accessible hydrophobic surface.

Results: In order to test it, we replaced 14 solvent-exposed hydrophobic residues of acetylcholinesterase by arginine. The stabilities of the resulting proteins were tested using denaturation by high temperature, organic solvents, urea and by proteolytic digestion.