The tainted altruism effect: a successful pre-registered replication.

Newman and Cain (Newman, Cain 2014 , 648-655 (doi:10.1177/0956797613504785)) reported that observers view a person's choices as less ethical when that person has acted in response to both altruistic and selfish (commercial) motivations, as compared with purely selfish interests. The altruistic component reduces the observers' approval rather than raising it.

Adjuvant Rituximab-Exploratory Trial in Young People With Graves Disease.

Context: Remission rates in young people with Graves hyperthyroidism are less than 25% after 2 years of thionamide antithyroid drug (ATD).

Objective: We explored whether rituximab (RTX), a B-lymphocyte-depleting agent, would increase remission rates when administered with a short course of ATD.

Methods: This was an open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial in young people (ages, 12-20 years) with Graves hyperthyroidism.

Barcode scanning of human milk and enteral formulas improves efficiency and patient safety: A 7-year review.

Background: Safe handling of human milk (HM) and enteral formulas for patients of all ages is critical in healthcare. Barcode scanning is commonly used to reduce errors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of barcode scanning for HM and formulas on patient safety.

Long-term effects of malnutrition on severity of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health crisis that has the potential to exacerbate worldwide malnutrition. This study examines whether patients with a history of malnutrition are predisposed to severe COVID-19. To do so, data on 103,099 COVID-19 inpatient encounters from 56 hospitals in the United States between March 2020 and June 2020 were retrieved from the Cerner COVID-19 Dataset.

Does Feeding Previously Frozen (Thawed) Fortified Human Milk Increase the Incidence of Lactobezoar (Milk Curd) Obstruction? A Retrospective Cohort Study in One Large Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Current recommendations suggest that it is appropriate to store human milk (HM) for up to 24 hours following fortification despite any changes that may occur in fortified HM over time. However, a recent publication suggested fortified frozen HM should be thawed and fed within 12 hours of fortification due to the risk of lactobezoar or milk curd obstruction.

Objective: This study investigated whether lactobezoar (milk curd) formation increased when frozen fortified HM was thawed and fed within 12 hours vs 12 to 24 hours postfortification in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Children's Hospital of Orange County to determine if practice changes were warranted.

Human milk as "chrononutrition": implications for child health and development.

Human biology follows recurring daily rhythms that are governed by circadian cues in the environment. Here we show that human milk is a powerful form of "chrononutrition," formulated to communicate time-of-day information to infants. However, 85% of breastfed infants in the US consume some milk that does not come directly from the breast but is pumped and stored in advance of feeding.

Best Practices for Handling and Administration of Expressed Human Milk and Donor Human Milk for Hospitalized Preterm Infants.

The importance of human milk for the preterm infant is well established (1-3). However, the feeding of human milk to preterm infants is typically much more complicated than the mere act of breastfeeding (3, 4). The limited oral feeding skills of many preterm infants often results in human milk being administered via an enteral feeding tube (4).

Adjusting insulin doses in patients with type 1 diabetes who use insulin pump and continuous glucose monitoring: Variations among countries and physicians.

Aims: To evaluate physicians' adjustments of insulin pump settings based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for patients with type 1 diabetes and to compare these to automated insulin dose adjustments.

Methods: A total of 26 physicians from 16 centres in Europe, Israel and South America participated in the study. All were asked to adjust insulin dosing based on insulin pump, CGM and glucometer downloads of 15 patients (mean age 16.

The Effect of Malnutrition on the Risk of Unplanned 7-Day Readmission in Pediatrics.

Background: Malnutrition is known to be associated with higher morbidity and a risk factor of readmissions in the adult population. In this study, we explore the effect of malnutrition in pediatrics because it may differ from the adult population.

Methods: Data for all inpatient encounters at a tertiary children's hospital within a 2-year period corresponding to 19 702 visits were obtained.

A Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Approach Increases Breastmilk Availability at Discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for the Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infant.

Background: Mothers of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants often struggle to establish and maintain a milk supply. Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC Children's) data from 2005 to 2011 showed that while the total percentage of all neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) babies being discharged on breastmilk had remained stable, the percentage of VLBW babies with breastmilk at discharge had declined. This information resulted in a quality improvement initiative to remove barriers and implement programs shown to have the greatest impact on initiating and sustaining lactation in this patient subset.

Centralized breastmilk handling and bar code scanning improve safety and reduce breastmilk administration errors.

Safe handling and preparation of breastmilk within the hospital setting are often taken for granted, and the process may not be scrutinized until problems arise. Areas of concern focus on both risk of contamination of breastmilk feedings due to handling and fortification and risk of a breastmilk misadministration. In two phases, Children's Hospital of Orange County (Orange, CA) implemented centralized breastmilk handling and breastmilk bar code scanning.

On social death: ostracism and the accessibility of death thoughts.

Being rejected, excluded, or simply ignored is a painful experience. Ostracism researchers have shown its powerful negative consequences (Williams, 2007), and sociologists have referred to such experiences as social death (Bauman, 1992). Is this is just a metaphor or does being ostracized make death more salient in people's minds? An experiment was conducted in which participants experienced ostracism or inclusion using the Cyberball manipulation, and the accessibility of death-related thoughts was measured via a word-stem completion puzzle.

Hypothalamic obesity: prevalence, associations and longitudinal trends in weight in a specialist adult neuroendocrine clinic.

Objective: Obesity is highly prevalent among adults with acquired, structural hypothalamic damage. We aimed to determine hormonal and neuroanatomical variables associated with weight gain and obesity in patients following hypothalamic damage and to evaluate the impact of early instigation of weight loss measures to prevent or limit the severity of obesity in these patients.

Design: Retrospective study of 110 adults with hypothalamic tumours attending a specialist neuroendocrine clinic.

Pituitary adenomas in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood: presentation, management, endocrine and metabolic outcomes.

Objective: To elucidate the long-term outcomes of pituitary adenomas diagnosed in childhood and adolescence, knowledge of which remains sparse.

Design And Methods: A retrospective review of patients aged ≤21 years at diagnosis of pituitary adenoma, attending a neuroendocrine service in Liverpool, UK, between 1984-2009.

Results: There were 41 patients (33 female), mean age at diagnosis 17.

Centralized infant formula preparation room in the neonatal intensive care unit reduces incidence of microbial contamination.

Increasing concern regarding potential pathogens in infant formulas led to this evaluation of the influence of procedural and environmental factors on infant formula contamination. In two phases of study, a total of 526 formula samples were analyzed for contamination. In Phase 1, conducted from October 2001 through May 2002, nursing staff prepared formulas in the neonatal intensive care unit at bedside; in Phase 2, conducted from February 2006 through June 2006, dietetic technicians prepared formulas in a centralized feeding preparation room.

On the atrophy of the internal carotid artery in capybara.

Capybara might be a useful model for studying changes in cerebral circulation as the natural atrophy of the internal carotid artery (ICA) occurs in this animal at maturation. In this study, confocal and electron microscopy combined with immunohistochemical techniques were applied in order to reveal the changes in morphology and innervation to the proximal part of ICA in young (6-month-old) and mature (12-month-old) capybaras. Some features of the basilar artery (BA) were also revealed.