Optimal Management of Osteoporosis in the Spinal Cord (Injury) Population.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to significant bone loss resulting in osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures below the level of injury. It is imperative to screen for osteoporosis in all individuals with SCI starting immediately after the acute injury. Although data are limited, clinicians are encouraged to discuss preventative treatment in the acute SCI period and to treat osteoporosis when diagnosed.

Metastatic insulinoma presenting after bariatric surgery in a patient diagnosed with MEN1.

Insulinomas are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors and metastatic disease is extremely rare. We report a patient with metastatic insulinoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 presenting with hypoglycemia following sleeve gastrectomy. Potential causes of hypoglycemia include dumping syndrome, noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome, and rarely insulinoma.

The effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on the endocrine system.

With the increase in cannabis use due to policy changes and areas of decriminalization, it is important to recognize the potential impact of these substances on endocrine processes. Cannabinoids have many effects by activating the endocannabinoid system. This system plays a role in the normal functioning of nearly every organ and consists of the body's natural endocannabinoids, the cannabinoid receptors, and the enzymes and processes that regulate endocannabinoids.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and the Endocrine System.

As SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) overtakes the world, causing moderate to severe disease in about 15% of infected patients, COVID-19 is also found to have widespread effects throughout the body with a myriad of clinical manifestations including the endocrine system. This manuscript reviews what is known about the impact of COVID-19 on the pathophysiology and management of diabetes (both outpatient and inpatient) as well as pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, bone, and gonadal function. Findings in this area are evolving, and long-term effects of infection remain an active area of further research.