Loss of bile acid-altering enzymes impacts bacterial fitness and the global metabolic transcriptome.

Recent work on bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) in Gram-negative bacteria, such as Bacteroides, has primarily focused on how they can impact host physiology. However, the benefits bile acid metabolism confers to the bacterium that performs it are not well understood. In this study, we set out to define if and how () uses its BSHs and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to modify bile acids to provide a fitness advantage for itself and .

Loss of bile acid altering enzymes impact bacterial fitness and the global metabolic transcriptome.

Unlabelled: () is a Gram-negative gut bacterium that encodes enzymes that alter the bile acid pool in the gut. Primary bile acids are synthesized by the host liver and are modified by gut bacteria. encodes two bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), as well as a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH).

Bile salt hydrolases shape the bile acid landscape and restrict Clostridioides difficile growth in the murine gut.

Bile acids (BAs) mediate the crosstalk between human and microbial cells and influence diseases including Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). While bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) shape the BA pool by deconjugating conjugated BAs, the basis for their substrate selectivity and impact on C. difficile remain elusive.

Polymethylmethacrylate extrusion into the femoral nutrient vessel during arthroplasty: A phenomenon to be aware of.

Third generation cementing technique is now commonly used for total hip arthroplasty. The aim of this technique is to sufficiently pressurise the cement and allow maximal penetration of the cement into any remaining trabecular bone to provide a stable fixation of the prosthesis. We report a case where this pressurisation resulted in polymethylmethacrylate retrograde filling of the nutrient vessel and we discuss the controversial diagnosis and current literature surrounding this rare phenomenon.

Plasmids from freshwater environments capable of IncQ retrotransfer are diverse and include pQKH54, a new IncP-1 subgroup archetype.

Nine mercury-resistance plasmids isolated from river epilithon were assessed for their ability to retrotransfer the non-conjugative IncQ plasmid, R300B, derivatives of which have commercial uses that may result in accidental or deliberate release into the environment. Retrotransfer frequencies ranging from 2.1 x 10(-4) to 1.