Relative effectiveness of adjuvanted versus non-adjuvanted influenza vaccines in older adults with risk factors for influenza complications during the 2019-2020 U.S. influenza season.

This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of the MF59®-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aTIV) versus standard-dose nonadjuvanted egg-based quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVe) for the prevention of influenza-related medical encounters (IRMEs), outpatient IRMEs, and influenza- and pneumonia-related hospitalizations during the 2019-2020 US influenza season among adults ≥65 years of age who had ≥1 high-risk condition. A secondary objective evaluated the rVE of aTIV versus QIVe in preventing these outcomes among older adults with specific high-risk conditions. This retrospective cohort study included US adults ≥65 years of age vaccinated with aTIV or QIVe between August 1, 2019, and January 31, 2020.

An obturator prosthesis for a 4-year-old child following treatment of a juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma with a maxillary resection.

Juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma (JTOF) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion that usually occurs in the maxilla or mandible. Individuals with JTOF of the maxilla will most commonly require a resection that can result in a significant palatal defect. Appearance and articulatory, masticatory, and deglutitory functions can be restored with a clasp-retained obturator.

Barriers to healthcare for Australian autistic adults.

This study looked at how Australian autistic and non-autistic adults experience barriers to healthcare. We asked autistic and non-autistic adults to complete the Barriers to Healthcare Checklist Short-Form (BHC). We analysed data from 263 autistic adults and 70 non-autistic adults.

Prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms and diagnosis of depression as associated with elevated amyloid among Medicare beneficiaries with cognitive impairment.

Background: Depression and cognitive impairment commonly co-occur, and it has been hypothesized that the two share pathological processes. Our objective for this study was to determine the relationship between elevated β-amyloid level and the prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms and diagnosed depression over two years among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with cognitive impairment.

Methods: We utilized data from the CARE-IDEAS cohort study (N = 2078) including two measures of depressive symptoms (PHQ-2) and administrative claims data to identify pre-scan and incident depression diagnosis in subsample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries (N = 1443).

PROTOCOL: The effectiveness of sensory interventions targeted at improving occupational outcomes, quality of life, well-being and behavioural and psychological symptoms for older adults living with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: The primary objective is to systematically review the available evidence of the effects of sensory interventions on quality of life, well-being, occupational participation, and behavioural and psychological symptoms of older adults living with dementia.

Therapist perceptions of barriers to telehealth uptake in children's occupational therapy.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a rapid shift to telehealth implementation across paediatric occupational therapy services. Although telehealth can be an appealing option, access is conditional, and the delivery of a telehealth service differs from face-to-face. If telehealth is to be a viable and equitable option for families, insight is needed into why the service might be declined.

Perceptions of a virtual reality sensory room for adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities.

Purpose: Mental ill health and sensory processing difficulties often limit participation in everyday life for adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Interventions using technology such as virtual reality (VR) are increasingly accessible and may mitigate these difficulties. Understanding what contributes to the successful implementation of novel interventions is important for future use and evaluation.

Distraction Osteogenesis to Treat the Sequel of Early Undiagnosed Childhood Trauma.

Undiagnosed trauma to the condylar head can later cause growth deficits secondary to mechanical restrictions created by scarring and loss of motion. This case illustrates how through a multidisciplinary team effort, distraction osteogenesis was successfully used with a hybrid functional appliance to correct a mandibular asymmetry caused by early undiagnosed childhood trauma. An intra-oral distraction device was placed to lengthen the mandibular ramus and body.

Evaluating a virtual reality sensory room for adults with disabilities.

Sensory processing difficulties can negatively impact wellbeing in adults with disabilities. A range of interventions to address sensory difficulties have been explored and virtual reality (VR) technology may offer a promising avenue for the provision of sensory interventions. In this study, preliminary evidence about the impact of Evenness, an immersive VR sensory room experience, for people with disabilities was investigated via a single intervention pre-post mixed methods design.

En route to next-generation nerve repair: static passive magnetostimulation modulates neurite outgrowth.

. Regeneration of damaged nerves is required for recovery following nervous system injury. While neural cell behavior may be modified by neuromodulation techniques, the impact of static direct current (DC) magnetic stimulation remains unclear.

Linguistic coaching: a pilot study of one-to-one near-peer coaching for international GP trainees in Yorkshire.

Introduction: International medical graduates (IMGs) have a higher rate of examination failure and are more likely to be referred to the regulator for professional performance issues than their UK-trained counterparts. Support for IMGs to reduce differential attainment takes many forms. A pilot study to assess the feasibility and utility of early intervention to increase the support available for IMGs entering general practice (GP) training was undertaken.

Rural-urban differences in diagnostic incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Introduction: Understanding rural-urban variation in the diagnostic incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) will inform policies to improve timely diagnosis and access to supportive services for older adults in rural communities.

Methods: Using 2008 to 2015 national claims data for fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries (roughly 170 million person-years), we computed unadjusted and adjusted diagnostic incidence and prevalence estimates for ADRD in metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural counties, and examined differences in survival rates.

Results: Risk-adjusted ADRD diagnostic incidence was higher in rural versus metropolitan counties despite lower prevalence.

A Survey of Occupational Therapists on a New Tool for Sensory Processing.

Occupational therapy is the leading profession with regard to supporting children who experience difficulties with occupations as a result of sensory processing differences. However, there are mixed reports with regard to the efficacy of various sensory interventions and approaches, leaving little clear guidance for occupational therapists supporting children with these difficulties. The Sensory Form is a planning tool developed in 2017 to guide occupational therapists in their professional reasoning for assessment and intervention of sensory processing differences.

Lingual Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma in a 1-Year-Old Infant: Youngest Reported Case With Characteristic ASPSCR1-TFE3 Fusion.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an exceptionally rare non-rhabdomyosarcomatous soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS), characterized by the translocation t(X;17) p(11.2;q25). This translocation results in the chimeric ASPSCR1-TFE3 transcription factor which drives tumorigenesis.

Listening to teachers: Views on delivery of a classroom based sensory intervention for students with autism.

Background/aim: Occupational therapists consider the impact of autism spectrum disorder on occupational performance at school. Occupational therapists work with teachers to support student participation. Atypical sensory processing is common in children with autism.

Electronic Follow-Up of Developing World Cleft Patients: A Digital Dream?

Objective: To identify potential access to telemedicine follow-up of children with clefts operated on a humanitarian mission.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of parents of children presenting to a humanitarian cleft lip and palate mission in a Provincial Hospital in the Philippines. A purpose designed questionnaire was used to assess access to electronic and digital resources that could be used to aid follow-up.

Planning law and public health at an impasse in Australia: the need for targeted law reforms to improve local food environments to reduce overweight and obesity.

Australia's high rates of overweight and obesity, and the associated increased population risk of non-communicable diseases, pose a challenge to policymakers across sectors beyond the health portfolio. In the last decade, strategies to promote healthy lifestyles and address non-communicable diseases have increasingly interested urban planners in Australia and internationally. However, Australian planning laws continue to operate largely without regard to public health goals, thus limiting the ability of communities to shape healthy built environments.

Paediatric orbital fractures: the importance of regular thorough eye assessment and appropriate referral.

The paediatric orbital fracture should always raise alarm bells to all clinicians working in an emergency department. A delay or failure in diagnosis and appropriate referral can result in rapidly developing and profound complications. We present a boy of childhood age who sustained trauma to his eye during a bicycle injury.

Frontofacial monobloc distraction in the very young: a review of 12 consecutive cases.

Background: Frontofacial monobloc advancement by distraction osteogenesis is now accepted as an effective treatment for children with syndromic and other complex forms of craniosynostosis because it combines cosmetic advantages with the ability to treat such complications as raised intracranial pressure, advancing exorbitism, and upper airway obstruction in one procedure. In the severely affected child, these complications may be present at an early age, but because of the scale of monobloc surgery, surgeons have been reluctant to perform it on very young children.

Methods: The authors report a series of 12 children younger than 30 months with various craniosynostosis-associated syndromes complicated by multiple functional problems--including raised intracranial pressure, exposure of the eyes, airway obstruction, and feeding problems--who underwent frontofacial monobloc surgery by distraction osteogenesis.

Emerging roles of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in the treatment of brain tumors.

The constitutively active protein glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a serine/threonine kinase, acts paradoxically as a tumor suppressor in some cancers while potentiates growth in others. Deciphering what governs its actions is vital for understanding many pathological conditions, including brain cancer. What are seemingly disparate roles of GSK3 stems from the complex regulation of many cellular functions by GSK3.

Barriers to HIV testing among HIV/AIDS concurrently diagnosed persons in New York City.

Objectives: To assess barriers to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, health care contacts history, and HIV testing history among patients diagnosed concurrently with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Methods: We surveyed patients concurrently diagnosed with HIV/AIDS who had participated in the partner notification program of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, between January 2008 and December 2008.

Results: The most common reason interviewees volunteered for delaying testing (64%) was that they did not believe they were at risk for HIV.