Overexpression of mTOR in Leukocytes from ALS8 Patients.

Background: The mutated VAPBP56S (vesicle B associated membrane protein - P56S) protein has been described in a Brazilian family and classified as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis type 8 (ALS8).

Objective: We aimed to study altered biochemical and immunological parameters in cells from ALS8 patients to identify possible biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

Methods: Wild-type VAPB, VAPBP56S, mTOR, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidant/reducing levels in serum, leucocytes, and cellular lysate from ALS8 patients and health Controls were performed by ELISA, fluorimetry, and spectrophotometry.

Edaravone Inhibits the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Phagocytosis- and PKC-Stimulated Granulocytes from Multiple Sclerosis Patients Edaravone Modulate Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of MS. Edaravone (EDV) has been proposed as a therapeutic resource for central nervous system diseases, and it was effective in reducing oxidative stress. However, the antioxidant mechanisms of EDV are poorly studied.

IL-6, IL-1β and MDA correlate with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) but is not included in current risk stratification.

Objective: To determine the association between Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score and inflammatory biomarkers in the ACS, including unstable angina (UA), non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We hypothesized that including inflammatory biomarkers could add prognostic value to the TIMI risk score.

Is Galanin a Promising Therapeutic Resource for Neural and Nonneural Diseases?

Background: Galanin (GAL) constitutes a family of neuropeptides composed of four peptides: (i) galanin (GAL), (ii) galanin-message associated peptide (GAMP), (iii) galanin-like peptide (GALP), and (iv) alarin. GAL contains 29/30 amino acids, and its biological action occurs through the interactions with its various receptors (GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3). The neuropeptide GAL regulates several physiological and pathophysiological functions in the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the peripheral organs.

Cellular death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diabetic complications.

Chronic or intermittent hyperglycemia is associated with the development of diabetic complications. Several signaling pathways can be altered by having hyperglycemia in different tissues, producing oxidative stress, the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), as well as the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and cellular death (pathological autophagy and/or apoptosis). However, the signaling pathways that are directly triggered by hyperglycemia appear to have a pivotal role in diabetic complications due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and cellular death.

The production of nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in palmitate-stimulated PBMNCs is enhanced through hyperglycemia in diabetes.

We examined nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, and TNF-α secretion from cultured palmitate-stimulated PBMNCs or in the plasma from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD) patients or nondiabetic (ND) controls. Free fatty acids (FFA) have been suggested to induce chronic low-grade inflammation, activate the innate immune system, and cause deleterious effects on vascular cells and other tissues through inflammatory processes. The levels of NO, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA were higher in supernatant of palmitate stimulated blood cells (PBMNC) or from plasma from patients.

Suppressive effect of aqueous humor from person with type 2 diabetes with or without retinopathy on reactive oxygen species generation.

Aim: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity and concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in aqueous humor from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without retinopathy.

Methods: Aqueous humor was obtained during elective cataract surgery from T2DM patients with or without retinopathy and from healthy subjects. Reducing response was evaluated by MTT dye reduction and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by chemiluminescence assay.

Oxidative stress and interleukin-6 secretion during the progression of type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate inflammatory, oxidizing, and reducing responses during the progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in patients without chronic complications.

Subjects And Methods: Plasma antioxidant status, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in 42 patients with T1DM and in 24 healthy subjects.

Results: Significant increases were detected in the median values of ROS and IL-6 in patients with T1DM compared with healthy subjects (ROS ~ 4,836 vs.