Investigating acute satiation and meal termination effects of a commercial lipid emulsion: A breakfast meal study.

Background: Early clinical studies showed the commercial lipid emulsion Fabuless™ to decrease energy intake (EI) and prevent weight regain, but later studies have failed to confirm this finding. Where appetite suppression has been observed it is commonly attributed to the ileal brake, where emulsified fats pass undigested to the distal small intestine and promote later satiety, but satiety profiles suggest possible transient effects within 15 min. The aim of this study was to determine whether this emulsion promotes short-term satiation and meal termination.

Evidence of enhanced serum amino acid profile but not appetite suppression by dietary glycomacropeptide (GMP): a comparison of dairy whey proteins.

Objective: There is evidence that high-protein foods increase satiety and may aid weight loss, yet little is known of differential effects of protein composition. The aim of the study was to compare the acute effects of 4 whey proteins on satiety and food intake and to evaluate possible relationships with postprandial serum amino acid concentrations.

Methods: Isoenergetic high-protein shakes (∼1 MJ) containing 25 g whey protein were given to 18 lean male participants using a crossover design.

Sensitivity of ad libitum meals to detect changes in hunger. Restricted-item or multi-item testmeals in the design of preload appetite studies.

The aims of the study were to determine whether restricted single-item or multi-item testmeals are better able to detect prior changes in hunger and fullness when assessing ad libitum eating behaviour. Thirty male participants were given a low- (L(E), 0.5 MJ) or high-energy (H(E), 4.

No evidence of differential effects of SFA, MUFA or PUFA on post-ingestive satiety and energy intake: a randomised trial of fatty acid saturation.

Background: High fat diets have long been associated with weight gain and obesity, and the weak satiety response elicited in response to dietary lipids is likely to play a role. Suppression of appetite and food intake has consistently been shown to be diminished with high fat relative to either high protein or carbohydrate meals. There is however some evidence that the satiating capacity of lipids may be modulated when physicochemical properties are altered, but studies investigating the effect of lipid saturation on appetite have generated inconsistent findings.

Relationships of low serum vitamin D3 with anthropometry and markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in overweight and obesity.

Low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) is known to perturb cellular function in many tissues, including the endocrine pancreas, which are involved in obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM). Vitamin D3 insufficiency has been linked to obesity, whether obesity is assessed by body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (waist). Central obesity, using waist as the surrogate, is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), insulin resistance, TIIDM and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Effects of long-term intervention with low- and high-glycaemic-index breakfasts on food intake in children aged 8-11 years.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of long-term intervention of low-glycaemic-index (GI) v. high-GI breakfasts on energy and macronutrient intakes in children aged 8-11 years. Preadolescent children were assigned to one of two groups in a random cross-over design.

Glycaemic index and glycaemic load values of commercially available products in the UK.

The objective of this paper is to provide glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) values for a variety of foods that are commercially available in the UK and to compare these with previously published values. Fasted subjects were given isoglucidic (50 or 25 g carbohydrate) servings of a glucose reference at least two to three times, and test foods once, on separate occasions. For each test food, tests were repeated in at least eight subjects.

Glycaemic index values for commercially available potatoes in Great Britain.

The glycaemic response to eight potato varieties commercially available in Great Britain was compared against a glucose standard in a non-blind, randomised, repeated measure, crossover design trial. Seventeen healthy subjects (three males, fourteen females), mean age 32 (sd 13) years and mean BMI 22.3 (sd 3.