Effect of effort pain after upper abdominal surgery on two independent measures of respiratory function.

Study Objective: To determine how effort pain interacts with changing pulmonary function after upper abdominal incisions.

Design: Prospective, case-controlled study.

Setting: Academic teaching hospital.

Successful and unsuccessful outcomes with long-term opioid therapy: a survey of physicians' opinions.

Background: The attitudes, beliefs, and experience of physicians will influence how they view the use of opioids for chronic nonterminal pain.

Objective: To survey pain specialists and primary care providers (PCPs) to obtain their opinion and attitude on aberrant drug-taking behaviors.

Design: We surveyed three physician groups, mailing 250 surveys followed by two followups.