Synthesis of Intramolecular P/Al-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs via Aluminum-Tin-Exchange and their Reactivity toward CO.

Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) composed of acidic alane and basic phosphane functions, separated by a xanthene linker, can be prepared through the corresponding Me Sn derivative and methyl aluminum compounds with elimination of Me Sn. This way MeClAl-, Cl Al- and (C F ) Al- moieties could be introduced and the resulting FLPs are stabilized by a further equivalent of the alane precursors. In contact with the FLPs CO is bound via the C atom at the phosphane functions and the two O atoms at the Al centers.

Use of In Vitro Morphogenesis of Mouse Embryoid Bodies to Assess Developmental Toxicity of Therapeutic Drugs Contraindicated in Pregnancy.

In utero exposure to certain chemicals can impair embryo development, causing embryonic death, growth retardation, or severe birth defects. Establishment of effective in vitro tests is crucial for identifying developmental toxicants and for reducing the financial and ethical burden of animal-based tests. Previously, we created an in vitro morphogenesis model using pluripotent P19C5 mouse embryonal carcinoma stem cells that mimics the process of gastrulation and axial body elongation of embryos.

Morphology-based mammalian stem cell tests reveal potential developmental toxicity of donepezil.

Various compounds, including therapeutic drugs, can adversely impact the survival and development of embryos in the uterus. Identification of such development-interfering agents is a challenging task, although multi-angle approaches--including the use of in vitro toxicology studies involving embryonic stem cells--should alleviate some of the current difficulties. In the present study, we utilized the in vitro elongation of embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from mouse embryonal carcinoma stem cell line P19C5 as a model of early embryological events, specifically that of gastrulation and axial patterning.

Guidewire tracking during endovascular neurosurgery.

This paper presents a new method for guidewire tracking on fluoroscopic images from endovascular brain intervention. The combination of algorithms chosen can be implemented in real time, so that it can be used in an augmented reality 3D representation to assist physicians performing these interventions. A ribbon-like morphing process combined with a minimal path optimization algorithm is used to track lateral motion between successive frames.