Meta-analyses of mouse and human prostate single-cell transcriptomes reveal widespread epithelial plasticity in tissue regression, regeneration, and cancer.

Background: Despite extensive analysis, the dynamic changes in prostate epithelial cell states during tissue homeostasis as well as tumor initiation and progression have been poorly characterized. However, recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology have greatly facilitated studies of cell states and plasticity in tissue maintenance and cancer, including in the prostate.

Methods: We have performed meta-analyses of new and previously published scRNA-seq datasets for mouse and human prostate tissues to identify and compare cell populations across datasets in a uniform manner.

Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy with or without Fc-enhanced non-fucosylated anti-CTLA-4 (BMS-986218) in high risk localized prostate cancer: a randomized phase 1 trial.

Men with high-risk localized prostate cancer exhibit high rates of post-surgical recurrence. In these patients, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is immunomodulatory, however increased infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) may limit the antitumor immune effects of ADT. We designed a neoadjuvant clinical trial to test whether BMS-986218 - a next-generation non-fucosylated anti-CTLA-4 antibody engineered for enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or phagocytosis (ADCC/P) - depletes intratumoral Tregs and augments the response to ADT.

Incidence and management of prostatic urethra recurrence in a cohort of 21 patients who received BCG induction for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: To describe the incidence and management of patients who develop a prostatic urethral (PU) urothelial carcinoma recurrence after Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) induction for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients who received BCG induction at our institution from 1996 to 2021 (N = 642) for NMIBC. All patients with pathologically confirmed PU involvement following BCG induction with no known PU involvement pre-BCG were included.

Meta-analyses of mouse and human prostate single-cell transcriptomes reveal widespread epithelial plasticity in tissue regression, regeneration, and cancer.

Recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology have facilitated studies of cell states and plasticity in tissue maintenance and cancer, including in the prostate. Here we present meta-analyses of multiple new and published scRNA-seq datasets to establish reference cell type classifications for the normal mouse and human prostate. Our analyses demonstrate transcriptomic similarities between epithelial cell states in the normal prostate, in the regressed prostate after androgen-deprivation, and in primary prostate tumors.

Metformin Overcomes the Consequences of NKX3.1 Loss to Suppress Prostate Cancer Progression.

Background: The antidiabetic drug metformin has known anticancer effects related to its antioxidant activity; however, its clinical benefit for prostate cancer (PCa) has thus far been inconclusive. Here, we investigate whether the efficacy of metformin in PCa is related to the expression status of NKX3.1, a prostate-specific homeobox gene that functions in mitochondria to protect the prostate from aberrant oxidative stress.

Impact of Preoperative Extramammary Findings in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer.

Background: Breast MRI has been associated with significant rates of false positive findings. We aimed to determine the frequency of extramammary findings (EMFs) in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients on breast MRI with contrast and assess the significance of these findings and need for additional imaging and follow-up.

Study Design: A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with breast cancer from October 2018 to October 2019 was performed.

The efficacy and tolerability of AST-120 (spherical carbon adsorbent) in active pouchitis.

Objectives: Although a majority of patients with pouchitis respond favorably to antibiotic therapy, many relapse frequently, and nonabsorbable and non-antibiotic-based agents are desirable for reducing bacterial resistance and the systemic adverse effects associated with long-term antibiotic exposure. AST-120 (a spherical carbon adsorbent) comprises highly adsorptive, porous carbon microspheres with the ability to adsorb small-molecular-weight toxins, inflammatory mediators,and harmful bile acids. The aim of this pilot trial was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of AST-120 in the treatment of active pouchitis.