Outcomes after selective nerve root blockade for lumbar radicular pain from lumbar disc hernia or lumbar spinal stenosis assessed by the PROMIS-29 - a prospective observational cohort study.

Purpose: Selective nerve root blocks (SNRB) are used both as a therapeutic and diagnostic tool for lumbar radicular pain. Most studies evaluate the effect of SNRB simply by its relation to pain reduction. It is well known that pain is associated with other factors such as depression, anxiety, inactivity and sleeping disorders, but these patient-related outcomes are seldom evaluated.

[Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation - a cause of torticollis in children].

Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation is an important differential diagnosis in young children with torticollis. The condition rarely results in neurological deficits. Radiological examinations such as computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful to determine the diagnosis.

Same lung deposited dose in dog dosing a fine and coarse aerosol indicates no difference in intranasal filtration.

A novel inhalation exposure system was developed with the aim to increase the efficiency of pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluations of inhaled drugs in a large species such as the dog. It enables collecting PK data for multiple drug candidates in a single experiment by simultaneous administration of the drugs to the same animal. This facilitates a direct PK comparison of the same lung dose of different drugs using the same blood samples, which can be considered to be a refinement measure from an animal research perspective.

A Norm-Creative Method for Co-constructing Personas With Children With Disabilities: Multiphase Design Study.

Background: An increase in the demand for child participation in health care requires tools that enable and empower children to be involved in the co-production of their own care. The development of such tools should involve children, but participatory design and research with children have challenges, in particular, when involving children with disabilities where a low level of participation is the norm. Norm-creative and participatory approaches may bring more effective design solutions for this group.

Daily School Physical Activity Improves Academic Performance.

Physical activity (PA) may improve brain development, cognition, concentration and academic performance. In this prospective controlled intervention study, we increased the level of PA in 338 children aged 6-8 years at study start, from the Swedish standard of 60 min per week to 200 min per week (40 min daily). The intervention continued in all nine compulsory school years until the students graduated between 2007-2012.

Daily School Physical Activity from Before to After Puberty Improves Bone Mass and a Musculoskeletal Composite Risk Score for Fracture.

This 7.5-year prospective controlled exercise intervention study assessed if daily school physical activity (PA), from before to after puberty, improved musculoskeletal traits. There were 63 boys and 34 girls in the intervention group (40 min PA/day), and 26 boys and 17 girls in the control group (60 min PA/week).

[Daily school physical activity increases bone mass and gradually reduce the fracture risk].

In the Bunkeflo project, one elementary school increased duration of school physical activity (PA) to 200 minutes/week while 3 control schools continued with 60 minutes/week throughout the nine elementary school years. We then registered fractures in 3534 children, and evaluated the duration of PA, bone mass and muscle strength in a subsample (n=140) during the intervention and 3 years after. The PA intervention was associated with higher duration of PA both during and 3 years after the intervention.

[Daily physical activity during the nine compulsory school years improves academic school results in boys but not girls - a prospective controlled intervention study].

One aim of the Bunkeflo project is to evaluate if daily school physical activity (PA) is associated with higher final school grades and improved eligibility for upper secondary school. One elementary school extended PA throughout elementary school to 200 minutes/week while control schools continued with in mean 60 minutes/week. We then registered final school grades and eligibility for upper secondary school in children who began first grade in the intervention school during the years before the intervention (1994-1997) and in the children who started 1998-2003 (that is, who had daily PA during the 9 compulsory school years).

Long-term effects of daily physical education throughout compulsory school on duration of physical activity in young adulthood: an 11-year prospective controlled study.

Objectives: We examined whether daily physical activity (PA) during compulsory school encourages children to be more physically active during the intervention and 4 years after termination of the programme.

Methods: This prospective controlled intervention study followed the same 124 children (81 children in an intervention group and 43 controls) aged 7.7±0.

A comparative study found that a seven-year school-based exercise programme increased physical activity levels in both sexes.

Aim: This study assessed whether a Swedish school-based exercise intervention programme could increase total physical activity.

Methods: We followed up 228 children who started school in 1998-2000 seven years later, when they had reached a mean age of 14.8.

Natural Hazard Susceptibility Assessment for Road Planning Using Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis.

Inadequate infrastructural networks can be detrimental to society if transport between locations becomes hindered or delayed, especially due to natural hazards which are difficult to control. Thus determining natural hazard susceptible areas and incorporating them in the initial planning process, may reduce infrastructural damages in the long run. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of expert judgments for assessing natural hazard susceptibility through a spatial multi-criteria analysis approach using hydrological, geological, and land use factors.

How does a physical activity programme in elementary school affect fracture risk? A prospective controlled intervention study in Malmo, Sweden.

Objectives: Recent evidence from the 7-year follow-up of the Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study indicates an inverse correlation between years of participation in a physical activity (PA) intervention and fracture risk in children. However, we could not see a statistically significant reduction in fracture risk, which urged for an extension of the intervention.

Setting: The study was conducted in 4 neighbouring elementary schools, where 1 school functioned as intervention school.

A Physical Activity Intervention Program in School is Also Accompanied by Higher Leisure-Time Physical Activity: A Prospective Controlled 3-Year Study in 194 Prepubertal Children.

Background: The activity-stat theory infers that total physical activity (PA) in children is constant, independent of environmental interventions.

Methods: We conducted a 3-year prospective population-based controlled PA intervention study including, at baseline, 7- to 9-year-old children (66 boys, 40 girls in the intervention and 50 boys, 38 girls in the control group). PA was increased in the intervention group from 60 to 200 minutes/week, while the controls maintained 60 minutes/week.

Effects of an 8-year childhood physical activity intervention on musculoskeletal gains and fracture risk.

Background: Physical activity (PA) in childhood is associated with musculoskeletal benefits while the effect on fracture risk is yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether extension of a PA intervention leads to improvement in musculoskeletal traits with an accompanied reduced fracture risk. We hypothesized that the PA program would have beneficial effects in both sexes, but more so in girls since they tend to be less physically active than boys during this time frame.

A seven-year physical activity intervention for children increased gains in bone mass and muscle strength.

Aim: This study evaluated the musculoskeletal effects of increased physical activity on children, starting at six to nine years of age.

Methods: In one school we increased the physical education of 72 girls and 100 boys to 200 minutes per week over seven years. In three other schools, 45 girls and 47 boys continued to receive 60 minutes per week.

Osteoarthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal and First Carpometacarpal Joints is Associated with High Bone Mass in Women and Small Bone Size and Low Lean Mass in Men.

Objective: To determine if primary hand osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with abnormal bone and anthropometric traits.

Methods: We used DXA to measure total body bone mineral density (BMD), femoral neck width (bone size) and total body lean and fat mass in 39 subjects with hand OA (primary DIP and/or CMC I) and 164 controls. Data are presented as mean Z-scores or Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.

A Pediatric Bone Mass Scan has Poor Ability to Predict Peak Bone Mass: An 11-Year Prospective Study in 121 Children.

This 11-year prospective longitudinal study examined how a pre-pubertal pediatric bone mass scan predicts peak bone mass. We measured bone mineral content (BMC; g), bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm(2)), and bone area (cm(2)) in femoral neck, total body and lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a population-based cohort including 65 boys and 56 girls. At baseline all participants were pre-pubertal with a mean age of 8 years (range 6-9), they were re-measured at a mean 11 years (range 10-12) later.

Individuals with primary osteoarthritis have different phenotypes depending on the affected joint - a case control study from southern sweden including 514 participants.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether primary osteoarthritis (OA), independent of affected joint, is associated with a phenotype that is different from the phenotype in a normative cohort. Material and.

Methods: We included 274 patients with primary OA, 30 women and 32 men (mean age 66 years, range 42-84) with primary hip OA, 38 women and 74 men (mean age 61 years; range 34-85) with primary knee OA, 42 women and 19 men (men age 64 years, range 42-87) with primary ankle or foot OA and 20 women and 19 men (mean age 66 years, range 47-88) with primary hand or finger OA.

Patients with Osteoarthritis in all Three Knee Compartments and Patients with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis Have a Phenotype with High Bone Mass and High Fat Mass but Proportionally Low Lean Mass.

Background And Purpose: Cross-sectional studies have shown that patients with primary hip osteoarthritis (OA) have higher bone mineral density (BMD), higher BMI, lower lean body mass, and higher fat content. But it is unknown if this phenotype is found also in patients with knee OA and if it precedes OA or manifests as a result of the disease.

Patients And Methods: We included 21 women and 18 men (mean age, 71 years; range, 48-85 years) with primary OA in all three knee compartments, 17 women and 56 men (mean age, 55 years; range, 34-74 years) with primary medial knee OA and 122 women and 121 men without OA as controls.

A 3-year school-based exercise intervention improves muscle strength - a prospective controlled population-based study in 223 children.

Background: Intense physical activity (PA) improves muscle strength in children, but it remains uncertain whether moderately intense PA in a population-based cohort of children confers these benefits.

Methods: We included children aged 6-9 years in four schools where the intervention school increased the school curriculum of PA from 60 minutes/week to 40 minutes/school day while the control schools continued with 60 minutes/week for three years. We measured muscle strength, as isokinetic Peak Torque (PT) (Nm) of the knee flexors in the right leg at speeds of 60°/second and 180°/second, at baseline and at follow-up, in 47 girls and 76 boys in the intervention group and 46 girls and 54 boys in the control group and then calculated annual changes in muscle strength.

Patients with knee osteoarthritis have a phenotype with higher bone mass, higher fat mass, and lower lean body mass.

Background: Although knee osteoarthritis (OA) is common, its etiology is poorly understood. Specifically, it is not known whether knee OA is associated with abnormal anthropometric and musculoskeletal characteristics known to be associated with OA in general. We recently studied this topic for patients with hip arthritis; however, it is important to evaluate it for knee OA separately, because there are reports indicating that patients with primary OA in different joints may have a different phenotype.

Patients with hip osteoarthritis have a phenotype with high bone mass and low lean body mass.

Background: Although hip osteoarthritis (OA) is common, its etiology is poorly understood. Specifically, it is not known whether hip OA is associated with abnormal relationships among the anthropometric and musculoskeletal characteristics that are associated with OA in general.

Questions: We asked whether patients with primary hip OA have a phenotype with higher bone mineral density (BMD), higher BMI, larger skeletal size, lower lean body mass, and higher fat content.

International and ethnic variability of falls in older men.

Aims: Fallers and especially recurrent fallers are at high risk for injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate fall epidemiology in older men with special attention to the influence of age, ethnicity and country of residence.

Methods: 10,998 men aged 65 years or above recruited in Hong Kong, the United States (US) and Sweden were evaluated in a cross-sectional retrospective study design.

Prevention of falls in the elderly: a review.

Aims: Falls often result in soft tissue injuries, dislocations, fractures, longstanding pain and reduced quality of life. Therefore, fall preventive programmes have been developed.

Methods: In this review, we evaluate programmes that in randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been shown with fall reducing effect.

The microbiota of the gut in preschool children with normal and excessive body weight.

The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbiota in preschool children with and without overweight and obesity. Twenty overweight or obese children and twenty children with BMI within the normal range (age: 4-5 years) were recruited from the south of Sweden. The gut microbiota was accessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and calprotectin was measured in feces.