Chemokines in multiple sclerosis: CXCL12 and CXCL13 up-regulation is differentially linked to CNS immune cell recruitment.

Understanding the mechanisms of immune cell migration to multiple sclerosis lesions offers significant therapeutic potential. This study focused on the chemokines CXCL12 (SDF-1) and CXCL13 (BCA-1), both of which regulate B cell migration in lymphoid tissues. We report that immunohistologically CXCL12 was constitutively expressed in CNS parenchyma on blood vessel walls.

Molecular changes in neurons in multiple sclerosis: altered axonal expression of Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 sodium channels and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.

Although voltage-gated sodium channels are known to be deployed along experimentally demyelinated axons, the molecular identities of the sodium channels expressed along axons in human demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) have not been determined. Here we demonstrate changes in the expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons in MS, with Nav1.6 confined to nodes of Ranvier in controls but with diffuse distribution of Nav1.